Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects
01 Mar 1999-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 69, Iss: 3, pp 403-410
TL;DR: It is concluded that the low-fat, plant stanol ester-containing margarines are effective cholesterol-lowering products in hypercholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a low-Fat, low-cholesterol diet.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1999-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stanol ester & Plant stanol ester.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a review article summarized pieces of evidence for the development of phytosterol-containing mayonnaise-type dressing materials using free phytophosterols since people who are conscious about cholesterol intake are likely to be conscious about oil.
Abstract: Phytosterols are functional ingredients with known efficacy and safety. Phytosterols are found as free sterols or as their esters with fatty acids. Although phytosterol esters are soluble in oil and have been used in many commercial foods, it has been difficult to similarly use free phytosterols since they are insoluble in water and practically insoluble in oil. We have developed mayonnaise-type dressing materials using free phytosterols since people who are conscious about cholesterol intake are likely to be conscious about oil. In this review article, we summarized pieces of evidence for the development of phytosterol-containing mayonnaise-type dressing materials.
3 citations
TL;DR: Until more information is available, data from older studies using full-fat spreads cannot be used as a platform to promote novel and, as of yet, inadequately tested low-fat and non-fat plant sterol-enriched products.
Abstract: Plant sterols are naturally occurring compounds that interfere with cholesterol absorption and thus reduce blood cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to present recent advances in knowledge of the cholesterol-lowering action of plant sterols, focusing on the efficacy of plant sterol-enriched products, including full-fat, low-fat and non-fat food products. Although the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols is well acknowledged, additional studies are needed to determine whether dietary cholesterol levels affect the cholesterol-lowering action of plant sterols, to establish the best time of day to consume plant sterol-enriched products, and to assess the optimal dose frequency of plant sterol intake. Fat spreads enriched with plant sterols/stanols have been shown to be effective in reducing circulating cholesterol levels in healthy adults with both normal and high cholesterol levels, as well as in children with hypercholesterolaemia. Such spreads can be used in combination with other approaches including a healthy diet, statin therapy and exercise for controlling blood cholesterol levels. Originally, plant sterols/stanols have been incorporated into fat spreads and, more recently, into low- or non-fat food products. However, the efficacy of plant sterols as cholesterol-lowering agents depends on their proper solubilization, while the majority of studies to date have incorporated plant sterols into vegetable oil-based spreads. Therefore, until more information is available, data from older studies using full-fat spreads cannot be used as a platform to promote novel and, as of yet, inadequately tested low-fat and non-fat plant sterol-enriched products.
3 citations
TL;DR: At the highest feeding dose of PSMP, hamsters had the highest body weight gain and the lowest plasma and liver lipid contents, and PSMP showed significant effects on lowering the concentrations of plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
3 citations
Dissertation•
11 Dec 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a high-saturated diet enriched with phytosterols and pectin on the lipid profile in an animal model were investigated, and it was shown that the addition of pectina and fitosterols did not show any beneficial effect on the metabolic profile.
Abstract: Actualment, les malalties cardiovasculars son la primera causa de mortalitat als paisos desenvolupats, on el consum de greix, ric en acids grassos saturats, i el de colesterol es elevat. En aquests paisos, es troben comercialitzats un gran nombre de productes als que sels han afegit fitosterols i/o pectines. Nombrosos estudis clinics atribueixen, tant als fitosterols com a les pectines, propietats hipocolesterolemiants. No obstant, cap daquests estudis ha avaluat els efectes daquests compostos quan, al mateix temps, lalimentacio es rica en acids grassos saturats i colesterol.
Por aquesta rao, es va plantejar lestudi dels efectes de la addicio de fitosterols i pectines sobre el perfil lipidic en conills dindies, quan aquests ingredients funcionals es subministren conjuntament amb greixos amb alt contingut en acids grassos saturats i colesterol.
Con aquests plantejament previ, liaddicio de fitosterols no va modificar els valors de colesterol en sang mentre que, al seu torn es va incrementar labsorcio dacids grassos saturats de cadena mitja (laurico i miristic) i es va disminuir el colesterol output. Per altra banda, laddicio de pectina tampoc va disminuir les concentracions de colesterol plasmatiques, possiblement degut a una hidrolisis prematura daquesta fibra.
En resum, en el nostre estudi laddicio de pectina i fitosterols subministrats conjuntament amb una alimentacio rica en greixos amb alt contingut en acid grassos saturats i colesterol no va tenir cap efecte beneficios sobre el perfil lipidic del model animal utilitzat en aquest assaig.
" SUMMARY:
Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and illness in developed countries, where the consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol is high. In these countries, many functional foods enriched with phytosterols and pectin (described as cholesterol-lowering agents) are on the food market. However, they should never be used to counterbalance the effects of an unhealthy diet.
Thus, the aim of this thesis was to study the effects of a high-saturated diet enriched with phytosterols and pectin on the lipid profile in an animal model.
Phytosterol addition to high-saturated diet did not lower cholesterolemia, did enhance absorption of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (lauric and myristic) and did reduce in cholesterol output. Moreover, pectin addition did not reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations, maybe because of an early breakdown of this soluble fiber. Thus, in our study, the addition of phytosterols and pectin to a high-saturated diet did not show any beneficial effect on the lipid profile. "
2 citations
References
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TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.
28,495 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In an ultrasonic alarm detector of the doppler detection type, the improvement comprising a second transmitter transducer disposed remote from the detector and driven from the master oscillator at the detector thereby extending the operating range of the detector to up to twice the range attainable without the second transmitter Transducer.
Abstract: SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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1,177 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Background Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -...
752 citations