Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects
01 Mar 1999-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 69, Iss: 3, pp 403-410
TL;DR: It is concluded that the low-fat, plant stanol ester-containing margarines are effective cholesterol-lowering products in hypercholesterolemic subjects when used as part of a low-Fat, low-cholesterol diet.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1999-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 240 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Stanol ester & Plant stanol ester.
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01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: Increasing the amount of phytosterols consumed in a variety of food products may be an important help in protecting hyperc-holesterolaemic humans from atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of mortality in developed societies.
Abstract: Plant sterols and plant stanols are collectively known as phytosterols. Great interest has been focused on the consumption of functional foods enriched with phytosterols as they lower blood levels of cholesterol, in particular low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Consequently, increasing the amount of phytosterols consumed in a variety of food products may be an important help in protecting hyperc-holesterolaemic humans from atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of mortality in developed societies (table 7.1).
2 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a series of clinical trials were undertaken to explore the plasma lipid, inflammatory and overall cardiovascular response to combined supplementation with phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids rich in either EPA or DHA.
Abstract: Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)%%%%Atherosclerosis is a major factor influencing morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been extensively investigated however treatment modalities have not changed much over the past decade. Prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications, both primary and secondary, are based mainly on controlling the various cardiovascular risk factors. Treating combined hyperlipidemia, and in particular reducing LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels, is established as a highly efficacious means of reducing both morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. With the increased emphasis on various lipoprotein sub fractions, many patients need to consider combining treatments to achieve recommendations. Although statins can be an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia, they may not be sufficient to achieve the recommended LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride goals as set out by national governing bodies. This thesis examines the lipid, inflammatory and cardiovascular esponse to concomitant supplementation with phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids in combined hyperlipidemia. Phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids are functional ingredients with potential cardiovascular benefits. Phytosterols inhibit cholesterol absorption, thereby reducing total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. The consumption of 1.5-2.0g/day of phytosterols can result in a 10-15% reduction in LDL-cholesterol within a three week period, in hyperlipidemic populations. The added benefit of phytosterol supplementation has been demonstrated in individuals already taking statin medications. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has strong hypotriglyceridemic properties, and provides benefits in other risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, such as anti-thrombotic and antiinflammatory function. Given the propensity of hyperlipidemia to manifest in high risk individuals and populations alike, there is a plausible role for combining phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation. A series of clinical trials were undertaken to explore the plasma lipid, inflammatory and overall cardiovascular response to combined supplementation with phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids rich in either EPA or DHA. This particular dietary combination of functional ingredients was designed to optimise improvements in plasma lipid profile in individuals with combined hyperlipidemia. Findings from this thesis show that the combined supplementation of phytosterols and various omega-3 fatty acids reduces total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol, greater than the supplementation of either function ingredient alone. Furthermore, a number of circulating inflammatory mediators were analysed showing significant reductions in response to the combined dietary treatment. Overall cardiovascular risk was reduced by an average of 20%. Interestingly, the combination of phytosterols and DHA was most effective in reducing triglyceride levels and inflammatory mediators,…
2 citations
Cites background from "Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester–c..."
...In earlier studies, it has been shown that phytosterols reduce cholesterol concentration within 2-3 weeks of commencing supplementation [416, 417]....
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TL;DR: The new nonprescription medications cited in this review represent valuable additions to the growing array of self-care products for consumer use and need a balanced understanding to assist the consumer.
Abstract: Objectives To educate pharmacists about newly introduced nonprescription products/devices/diagnostic products, and to create a heightened awareness of the dilemma of dietary supplements and the problems their use poses for consumers and pharmacists. Data Sources Recent clinical and pharmaceutical industry literature. Data Synthesis It is critical for the pharmacist to be knowledgeable about dietary supplements to be able to appropriately counsel patients on benefits and risks associated with their use. In addition, numerous other nonprescription products, including home diagnostic products and accessories, will continue to become available on the U.S. market. It is important that the pharmacist become as knowledgeable as possible about these and be capable of educating the consuming public about their appropriate use. Conclusion Dietary supplements will continue to flood the self-care market. Pharmacists need a balanced understanding of these products to assist the consumer. The new nonprescription medications cited in this review represent valuable additions to the growing array of self-care products for consumer use.
2 citations
01 Jan 2004
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References
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TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.
28,495 citations
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01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In an ultrasonic alarm detector of the doppler detection type, the improvement comprising a second transmitter transducer disposed remote from the detector and driven from the master oscillator at the detector thereby extending the operating range of the detector to up to twice the range attainable without the second transmitter Transducer.
Abstract: SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide release 6.0 , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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1,177 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Abstract: Background Dietary plant sterols, especially sitostanol, reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Soluble sitostanol may be more effective than a less soluble preparation. We tested the tolerability and cholesterol-lowering effect of margarine containing sitostanol ester in a population with mild hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a one-year, randomized, double-blind study in 153 randomly selected subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-one consumed margarine without sitostanol ester (the control group), and 102 consumed margarine containing sitostanol ester (1.8 or 2.6 g of sitostanol per day). Results The margarine containing sitostanol ester was well tolerated. The mean one-year reduction in serum cholesterol was 10.2 percent in the sitostanol group, as compared with an increase of 0.1 percent in the control group. The difference in the change in serum cholesterol concentration between the two groups was -24 mg per deciliter (95 percent confidence interval, -17 to -...
752 citations