Open Access
Effects of a 16-Month Randomized Controlled Exercise Trial on Body Weight and Composition in Young, Overweight Men and Women
Joseph E. Donnelly,James O. Hill,Dennis J. Jacobsen,Jeffrey A. Potteiger,Debra K. Sullivan,Susan L. Johnson,Kate A. Heelan,Mary Hise,Paul V. Fennessey,Bakary J. Sonko,Teresa A. Sharp,John M. Jakicic,Steven N. Blair,Zung Vu Tran,Matthew S. Mayo,Cheryl A. Gibson,Richard A. Washburn +16 more
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TLDR
Moderate-intensity exercise sustained for 16 months is effective for weight management in young adults and prevented weight gain in women and produced weight loss in men.Abstract:
Background: In light of the current obesity epidemic, treatment models are needed that can prevent weight gain or provide weight loss. We examined the long-term effects of a supervised program of moderate-intensity exercise on body weight and composition in previously sedentary, overweight and moderately obese men and women. We hypothesized that a 16-month program of verified exercise would prevent weight gain or provide weight loss in the exercise group compared with controls. Methods: This was a randomized controlled efficacy trial. Participants were recruited from 2 midwestern universities and their surrounding communities. One hundred thirty-one participants were randomized to exercise or control groups, and 74 completed the intervention and all laboratory testing. Exercise was supervised, and the level of energy expenditure of exercise was measured. Controls remained sedentary. All participants maintained ad libitum diets. Results: Exercise prevented weight gain in women and produced weight loss in men. Men in the exercise group had significant mean±SD decreases in weight (5.2±4.7 kg), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) (1.6±1.4), and fat mass (4.9±4.4 kg) compared with controls. Women in the exercise group maintained baseline weight, body mass index, and fat mass, and controls showed significant mean±SD increases in body mass index (1.1±2.0), weight (2.9 ±5 .5 kg), and fat mass (2.1 ±4 .8 kg) at 16 months. No significant changes occurred in fat-free mass in either men or women; however, both had significantly reduced visceral fat.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Appropriate Physical Activity Intervention Strategies for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain for Adults
Joseph E. Donnelly,Steven N. Blair,John M. Jakicic,Melinda M. Manore,Janet Walberg Rankin,Bryan K. Smith +5 more
TL;DR: There is inadequate evidence to determine whether PA prevents or attenuates detrimental changes in chronic disease risk during weight gain, and no evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials exists to judge the effectiveness of PA for prevention of weight regain after weight loss.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: One-Year Results of the Look AHEAD Trial
Mark A. Espeland,Xavier Pi-Sunyer,George L. Blackburn,Frederick L. Brancati,George A. Bray,Renee Bright,Jeanne M. Clark,Jeffrey M. Curtis,John P. Foreyt,Kathryn Graves,Steven M. Haffner,Barbara Harrison,James O. Hill,Edward S. Horton,John M. Jakicic,Robert W. Jeffery,Karen C. Johnson,Steven E. Kahn,David E. Kelley,Abbas E. Kitabchi,William C. Knowler,Cora E. Lewis,Barbara J. Maschak-Carey,Brenda Montgomery,David M. Nathan,Jennifer Patricio,Anne L. Peters,J. Bruce Redmon,Rebecca S. Reeves,Donna H. Ryan,Monika M. Safford,Brent Van Dorsten,Thomas A. Wadden,Lynne E. Wagenknecht,Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben,Rena R. Wing,Susan Z. Yanovski +36 more
TL;DR: At 1 year, ILI resulted in clinically significant weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes and was associated with improved diabetes control and CVD risk factors and reduced medicine use in ILI versus DSE.
Journal ArticleDOI
Weight-loss Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Weight-Loss Clinical Trials With a Minimum 1-year Follow-Up
Marion J. Franz,Jeffrey J. VanWormer,A. Lauren Crain,Jackie L. Boucher,Trina Histon,William Caplan,Jill D. Bowman,Nicolas P. Pronk +7 more
TL;DR: Weight-loss interventions utilizing a reduced-energy diet and exercise are associated with moderate weight loss at 6 months and the addition of weight- Loss medications somewhat enhances weight-loss maintenance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Shari S. Bassuk,JoAnn E. Manson +1 more
TL;DR: Public health initiatives promoting moderate increases in physical activity may offer the best balance between efficacy and feasibility to improve metabolic and cardiovascular health in largely sedentary populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurobiology of exercise.
Rod K. Dishman,Hans-Rudolf Berthoud,Frank W. Booth,Carl W. Cotman,V. Reggie Edgerton,Monika Fleshner,Simon C. Gandevia,Fernando Gomez-Pinilla,Benjamin N. Greenwood,Charles H. Hillman,Arthur F. Kramer,Barry E. Levin,Timothy H. Moran,Amelia A. Russo-Neustadt,John D. Salamone,Jacqueline D. Van Hoomissen,Charles E. Wade,David A. York,Michael J. Zigmond +18 more
TL;DR: Mechanisms explaining these adaptations are not as yet known, but metabolic and neurochemical pathways among skeletal muscle, the spinal cord, and the brain offer plausible, testable mechanisms that might help explain effects of physical activity and exercise on the central nervous system.
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