22 Apr 2013-Journal of Parasitology (American Society of Parasitologists)-Vol. 99, Iss: 2, pp 368-370
TL;DR: Results indicate that N. caninum infection is widespread among dairy cattle in Pakistan, and animals over 2 yr of age and crossbreds were more likely to be seropositive than the other cattle examined.
Abstract: Neospora caninum is a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide. A serological survey was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of exposure to N. caninum in dairy cattle based on age and breed from Punjab and Sindh provinces, Pakistan. Serum samples from 641 animals from 12 herds from Punjab (n = 7) and Sindh (n = 5) provinces were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive reactions to N. caninum were seen in 277 (43%) of the 641 of the samples. Seropositive animals were present in all 12 herds. Animals over 2 yr of age (47%) and crossbreds (55%) were more likely to be seropositive than the other cattle examined. These results indicate that N. caninum infection is widespread among dairy cattle in Pakistan.
A serological survey was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of exposure to N. caninum in dairy cattle based on age and breed from Punjab and Sindh provinces, Pakistan.
Serum samples from 641 animals from 12 herds from Punjab (n 1⁄4 7) and Sindh (n 1⁄4 5) provinces were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Seropositive animals were present in all 12 herds.
The majority of congenital infections result in the birth of apparently healthy calves.
It has been demonstrated that they can become infected by consuming N. caninum– infected tissues (Gondim et al., 2002) or bovine placenta (Dijkstra et al., 2001).
The present study was done in healthy dairy cows from farms in Punjab and Sindh provinces, Pakistan.
Information regarding abortion history was available for only 2 farms (10 and 11).
Age-wise prevalence, though not statistically significant (P . 0.05), was greatest in animals older than 2 yr of age (Table II).
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Effects of Age and Breed on the Prevalence of
Neospora caninum
in Commercial
Dairy Cattle from Pakistan
Author(s): Muhammad Mudasser Nazir , Azhar Maqbool , Muhammad Sarwar Khan , Afzal Sajjid , and
David S. Lindsay
Source: Journal of Parasitology, 99(2):368-370. 2013.
TL;DR: The pooled prevalence of cattle and dogs neosporosis in Iran is relatively high, and this value differs among geographical regions as it is the maximum in the southwest for both and the minimum in the northeast for cattle and the southeast for dogs of Iran.
Abstract: Neosporosis, a parasitic infection caused by Neospora caninum (N. caninum), is one of the main contagious factors that cause reproductive disturbances in cattle and neuromuscular complaints in dogs. This review was performed to determine the prevalence of cattle and dogs neosporosis in Iran. Data were systematically gathered from January 2004 to July 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Elmnet, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database (SID) and civilica. In cattle, 57 studies and in dogs 28 studies reporting the prevalence of neosporosis in different areas of Iran found which met our eligibility criteria. In total, the pooled prevalence of neosporosis, using a random-effect model, was estimated 24.2% (95% CI, 21.5-26.9) in cattle and 19.9% (95% CI, 15.3-24.4) in dogs. Furthermore, the majority of neosporosis cases were in the Southwest (37% in cattle and 30.6% in dogs) provinces of Iran. In conclusion, the pooled prevalence of cattle and dogs neosporosis in Iran is relatively high. This value differs among geographical regions as it is the maximum in the southwest for both and the minimum in the northeast for cattle and the southeast for dogs of Iran. These results are desirable for managing the control programs of this infection.
9 citations
Cites background from "Effects of Age and Breed on the Pre..."
...However, In Pakistan, two studies
using the ELISA method in Punjab and Sindh provinces
disclosed that the prevalence was 43.8 and 43%,
respectively (Shabbir et al., 2011; Nazir et al., 2013)....
Cites background from "Effects of Age and Breed on the Pre..."
...- 46 The prevalence of antibodies to most infectious diseases is normally higher in older animals relative to the younger ones due to their greater chance of having encountered the pathogen(s) (Nazir et al., 2013; Talafha and Al-Majali, 2013)....
[...]
...The prevalence of antibodies to most infectious diseases is normally higher in
older animals relative to the younger ones due to their greater chance of having encountered the pathogen(s) (Nazir et al., 2013; Talafha and Al-Majali, 2013)....
TL;DR: Assessment of the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in the sera of camels from Rakh Mahni, Bhakkar, Pakistan to better understand the epidemiology of this important cause of bovine abortion in Pakistan indicates that further studies are required to evaluate the importance of the parasite as a cause of abortion or neonatal disease in these animals.
Abstract: Infection with the Apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum occurs in domestic and wild animals worldwide. This parasite causes significant economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide. The current study was designed to assess the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in the sera of camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Rakh Mahni, Bhakkar, Pakistan, to better understand the epidemiology of this important cause of bovine abortion in Pakistan. Eighty-one sera samples collected from apparently healthy camels (male = 19, female = 62) were tested for antibodies against N. caninum by using a commercially available competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay diagnostic kit. Nine (11.1%) of 81 sera samples were found positive for antibodies to N. caninum. No significant (P > 0.05) difference in seroprevalence was observed between male and female camels or between different breeds. An increasing trend of seropositivity to N. caninum was seen with the age of animals indicating postnatal exposure to N. caninum infection. However, this increase in prevalence was not significant (P > 0.05). However, a significant (P < 0.05) difference in seroprevalence was noted among feeding style of animals, i.e., stall feeding, grazing, and mixed (grazing and stall feeding) feeding style. The prevalence was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in female animals 26.1% (6/23) with abortion history that of animals have had no such history 5.1% (2/39). Presence of antibodies to N. caninum in the sera of camels indicates that further studies are required to evaluate the importance of N. caninum as a cause of abortion or neonatal disease in these animals.
5 citations
Cites background from "Effects of Age and Breed on the Pre..."
...Studies in Pakistan indicate that the seroprevalence of N. caninum antibodies in dairy cattle herds is 40% (Shabbir et al., 2011; Nazir et al., 2013) and seroprevalence in dogs is 23.5% (Nazir et al., 2014)....
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the presence of N. caninum infection in local Bali dogs and thus the risk to Bali cattle and dog health.
Abstract: Aim The aim of this research was to identify the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in local Bali dogs. Materials and methods A total of 147 local Bali dog serum samples have been examined for antibodies of N. caninum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results The results confirmed that 5 (3.4%) local Bali dogs have antibody for N. caninum. There were no significant differences in seroprevalence of Neospora infection in local Bali dogs between different genders, ages, and take care methods (p>0.05). Conclusion The results provided evidence for the presence of N. caninum infection in local Bali dogs and thus the risk to Bali cattle and dog health.
TL;DR: Dogs are a definitive host of Neospora caninum, and mice inoculated with canine faecal extracts were monitored for evidence of neosporosis using a variety of morphologic, immunohistologic, serologic, and genetic analyses.
TL;DR: This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated.
Abstract: Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.
TL;DR: Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals, which until 1988 was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii, and its life cycle is unknown.
TL;DR: A newly identified parasite, Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs and formed meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord.
Abstract: Histologic sections and case histories from 23 dogs with proven fatal toxoplasmosis-like illness at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital were reviewed. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 13 dogs. A newly identified parasite, Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs. The newly discovered organism, belonging to a new genus and new species, formed meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord. Neospora caninum was located directly in the host cell cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole; it divided by endodyogeny, contained more than 11 rhoptries, and did not react with the anti-T gondii serum in the immunoperoxidase test. Meningoencephalomyelitis and myositis were the main lesions associated with N caninum. Ulcerative and fistulous dermatitis was the major lesion in 1 dog.
TL;DR: Neospora caninum infection was diagnosed in 5 young dogs from 2 litters with a common parentage that developed hind limb paresis 5 to 8 weeks after birth and was isolated in cell cultures, mice, and dogs inoculated with infected canine tissues.
Abstract: Neospora caninum infection was diagnosed in 5 young dogs from 2 litters with a common parentage. The pups were born healthy, but developed hind limb paresis 5 to 8 weeks after birth. The predominant lesions were polyradiculoneuritis and granulomatous polymyositis. Neospora caninum was seen microscopically in sections of naturally infected pups, and was isolated in cell cultures, mice, and dogs inoculated with infected canine tissues. Antibodies to N caninum were detected in sera of infected dogs by indirect fluorescent antibody test.
Q1. What have the authors contributed in "Effects of age and breed on the prevalence of neospora caninum in commercial dairy cattle from pakistan" ?
Animals over 2 yr of age ( 47 % ) and crossbreds ( 55 % ) were more likely to be seropositive than the other cattle examined. The authors have recently reported the seropositivity rate of N. caninum in dairy herds with a history of high rates of abortion ( Shabbir et al., 2011 ). In the present study, the authors examined animals from 3 age groups to consider this question. Additionally, the authors examined the effects of breed on prevalence to determine if genetic factors may play a role in susceptibility to N. caninum. The present study was done in healthy dairy cows from farms in Punjab and Sindh provinces, Pakistan. Farm 10 reported abortions in the last year, while farm 11 reported abortions over the last 4 yr. The authors sampled 3 age groups of cows, including calves ( 8 mo of age ), heifers (. 8 mo to 2 yr old ), and adult lactating cows (. 2 yr old ) to determine the variations of serological prevalence against N. caninum between different age groups ( Table II ).