Effects of chlorine disinfection on the membrane fouling potential of bacterial strains isolated from fouled reverse osmosis membranes.
TL;DR: Results indicate that large amounts of EPS and cellular inclusions were released into the solutions after the reaction with chlorine, which was the main cause of the increase in RO membrane fouling potential of the bacterial solution after chlorine disinfection.
About: This article is published in Science of The Total Environment.The article was published on 2019-11-25. It has received 26 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Membrane fouling & Chlorine.
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TL;DR: A recommended evaluating method using logarithmic removal rate as an index and E. coli as a reference strain is proposed in this review based on the summary of the current evaluating methods.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling was investigated and the mechanism was also revealed in this study. And the morphology of the fouled RO membranes indicated serious biofouling in all groups.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the role of the molecular structure of polysaccharides in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling and found that not the molecular weight but molecular structure mainly influenced the fouling behavior.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of chlorine disinfection on biofouling in a pilot-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system was investigated and it was found that chlorine pretreatment caused a 1.9-36.7% increase in relative feed water pressure of the RO system, suggesting that chlorine aggravated the membrane fouling.
Abstract:
The reverse osmosis (RO) system is widely applied to produce reclaimed water for high-standard industrial use. Chlorine disinfection is the main biofouling control method in the RO systems for wastewater reclamation. However, researchers reported the adverse effects of chlorine disinfection which aggravated biofouling in laboratory-scale RO systems. In this study, four parallel 4-inch spiral wound RO membranes were used to study the effect of chlorine on biofouling in a pilot-scale RO system. The free chlorine dosages in four experimental groups were 0, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L, respectively. After continuous chlorination and dechlorination, the feed water entered the RO system. It was found that chlorine pretreatment caused a 1.9–36.7% increase in relative feed water pressure of the RO system, suggesting that chlorine aggravated the membrane fouling in the pilot-scale RO system. The microbial community structures of living bacteria in the feed water of the RO system were determined by the PMA (propidium monoazide)-PCR method and showed that the relative abundance of chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) was significantly increased after disinfection. Nine major genera which maintained higher relative abundance in experimental groups with high chlorine dosage were considered as possible key species causing membrane fouling, including Pedobacter, Clostridium and Bradyrhizobium.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent highlights in the construction of antibiofouling membranes, emphasizing the scale inhibition mechanism and modification strategy is presented, and several factors contributing to the bio-ouling of RO membranes, including the characteristics of microorganisms, membrane surface characteristics, and operating conditions, are introduced.
23 citations
References
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TL;DR: Aromatic carbon and the presence of specific aromatic compounds resulted in EEMs that aided in differentiating wastewater effluent DOM from drinking water DOM, and the highest cumulative EEM volume was observed for hydrophobic neutral DOM fractions.
Abstract: Excitation−emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water and soil. However, interpreting the >10,000 wavelength-dependent fluorescence intensity data points represented in EEMs has posed a significant challenge. Fluorescence regional integration, a quantitative technique that integrates the volume beneath an EEM, was developed to analyze EEMs. EEMs were delineated into five excitation−emission regions based on fluorescence of model compounds, DOM fractions, and marine waters or freshwaters. Volumetric integration under the EEM within each region, normalized to the projected excitation−emission area within that region and dissolved organic carbon concentration, resulted in a normalized region-specific EEM volume (Φi,n). Solid-state carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, ultraviolet−visible absorption spectra, and EEMs were obtained for standard Suwannee River fulvic acid and 15 h...
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TL;DR: In this article, the extraction of water soluble extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from activated sludge was investigated, which consisted mainly of protein but also humic compounds, carbohydrates, uronic acids and DNA.
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TL;DR: In this article, molecular-level design approaches for membrane materials, focusing on how these materials address the urgent requirements of water treatment applications, are reviewed for water scarcity and the pollution of aquatic environments.
Abstract: Membranes have an increasingly important role in alleviating water scarcity and the pollution of aquatic environments. Promising molecular-level design approaches are reviewed for membrane materials, focusing on how these materials address the urgent requirements of water treatment applications.
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TL;DR: A review of developing antifouling RO membranes in recent years, including the selection of new starting monomers, improvement of interfacial polymerization process, surface modification of conventional RO membrane by physical and chemical methods as well as the hybrid organic/inorganic RO membrane are presented.
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TL;DR: This review will discuss the mechanisms identified as playing a role in biofilm resistance to disinfectants, as well as novel anti-biofilm strategies that have recently been explored.
Abstract: A biofilm can be defined as a community of microorganisms adhering to a surface and surrounded by a complex matrix of extrapolymeric substances. It is now generally accepted that the biofilm growth mode induces microbial resistance to disinfection that can lead to substantial economic and health concerns. Although the precise origin of such resistance remains unclear, different studies have shown that it is a multifactorial process involving the spatial organization of the biofilm. This review will discuss the mechanisms identified as playing a role in biofilm resistance to disinfectants, as well as novel anti-biofilm strategies that have recently been explored.
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