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Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of cocoa powder and dark chocolate on LDL oxidative susceptibility and prostaglandin concentrations in humans

01 Nov 2001-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 74, Iss: 5, pp 596-602
TL;DR: Cocoa powder and dark chocolate may favorably affect cardiovascular disease risk status by modestly reducing LDL oxidation susceptibility, increasing serum total antioxidant capacity and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and not adversely affecting prostaglandins.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 2001-11-01. It has received 342 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Dark chocolate & Oxygen radical absorbance capacity.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Many bioactive compounds are extranutritional constituents that typically occur in small quantities in foods and are grouped accordingly as phenolic compounds, including their subcategory, flavonoids as discussed by the authors.

2,091 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is time to rethink the design of in vitro and in vivo studies, so that these issues are carefully considered, and the length of human intervention studies should be increased, to more closely reflect the long-term dietary consumption of polyphenols.

1,409 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the large increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity observed after the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods is not caused by the flavonoids themselves, but is likely the consequence of increased uric acid levels.

734 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that tocopherols and tocotrienols may also exert direct beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract and that their return to theintestinal tract by the liver through the bile may be physiologically advantageous.

664 citations


Cites background from "Effects of cocoa powder and dark ch..."

  • ...Freese et al (91) found no effect of green tea extract consumption on thromboxane production among female subjects, and chocolate phenolic compounds did not decrease in vivo prostaglandin production for either gender (109)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Future intervention studies should include a detailed assessment of the bioavailability of polyphenols, and more studies with purepolyphenols will also be needed to establish their role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract: Purpose of reviewPolyphenols are the most abundant dietary antioxidants and research on their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases has developed quickly over these last few years. This paper reviews the recent studies on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases by polyphenols, focusing o

661 citations

References
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Journal Article
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.

289,852 citations


"Effects of cocoa powder and dark ch..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Lowry method was used to analyze proteins (20)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method for estimating the cholesterol content of the serum low-density lipoprotein fraction (Sf0-20) is presented and comparison of this suggested procedure with the more direct procedure, in which the ultracentrifuge is used, yielded correlation coefficients of .94 to .99.
Abstract: A method for estimating the cholesterol content of the serum low-density lipoprotein fraction (Sf0-20) is presented. The method involves measurements of fasting plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, none of which requires the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Comparison of this suggested procedure with the more direct procedure, in which the ultracentrifuge is used, yielded correlation coefficients of .94 to .99, depending on the patient population compared.

30,622 citations


"Effects of cocoa powder and dark ch..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The Friedewald formula was used to calculate LDL-cholesterol concentrations (16): [LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol (HDL cholesterol triacylglycerol/5)], which were then converted to mmol/L by dividing by 387....

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Journal ArticleDOI

6,754 citations


"Effects of cocoa powder and dark ch..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Oxidative modification of LDL was shown to play a key role in the initiation of atherogenesis (5)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The kinetics of the oxidation of human low densit) lipoprotein (LDL) can be measured continuously by monitoring the change of the 234 nm diene absorption as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The kinetics of the oxidation of human low densit) lipoprotein (LDL) can be measured continuously by monitoring the change of the 234 nm diene absorption. The time-course shows three consecutive ph...

1,783 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Against propagating lipid peroxyl radical species, epicatechin and catechin are as effective as ECG and EGCG, the least efficacious being EGC and GA.

1,291 citations


"Effects of cocoa powder and dark ch..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Studies have shown that flavonoids prevent LDL oxidation in vitro by scavenging radical species or sequestering metal ions (6, 7)....

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  • ...It was shown in vitro that flavonoids, especially catechins, recycle -tocopherol by donating a hydrogen atom to the -tocopherol radical (7)....

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