Effects of compressive stresses on torsional fatigue
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of combined compressive stress and its relevance to material behavior in rolling contact fatigue is examined, and a 3D finite element model is developed to investigate the fatigue damage accumulation, crack initiation, and propagation in the material.
About: This article is published in Tribology International.The article was published on 2014-09-01. It has received 15 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Fatigue limit & Vibration fatigue.
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TL;DR: In this article, a two dimensional finite element (FE) RCF model based on the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) was developed to investigate the fatigue damage accumulation, crack propagation and final fatigue life of carburized AISI 8620 steel under various operating conditions.
87 citations
Cites background from "Effects of compressive stresses on ..."
...The custom grips [22] were developed to guarantee that the specimen is gripped properly without slip and no bending moment is generated in the specimen [23]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review is provided for cyclic fatigue loading experienced by the subsurface volume of rolling contact fatigue (RCF)-affected material, and a detailed analysis of the microstructural evolution in the sub-surface region is presented.
62 citations
Cites background from "Effects of compressive stresses on ..."
...Sadeghi and co-workers, however, have published a body of work [72-88] by...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of surface roughness on fatigue of tensile specimens were modeled using Voronoi tessellation to simulate material microstructure and generate rough surfaces.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element analysis was conducted to estimate the maximal loading and the positions of the crack nucleation sites in the case of cylinder contact rolling with or without surface compressive residual stress.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to conduct a finite element analysis to better understand the effects of induction hardening on rolling contact fatigue (RCF). The finite element analysis was developed in three-dimensional to estimate the maximal loading and the positions of the crack nucleation sites in the case of cylinder contact rolling. Rolling contact with or without surface compressive residual stress (RS) were studied and compared. The RS profile was chosen to simulate the effects of an induction hardening treatment on a 48 HRC tempered AISI4340 steel component. As this hardening process not only generates a RS gradient in the treated component but also a hardness gradient (called over-tempered region), both types of gradients were introduced in the present model. RSs in compression were generated in the hard case (about 60 HRC); tension values were introduced in the over-tempered region, where hardness as low as 38 HRC were set. In order to estimate the maximal allowable loadings in the rotating cylinders to target a life of 106 cycles, a multiaxial Dang Van criterion and a shear stress fatigue limit were used in the positive and negative hydrostatic conditions, respectively. With the proposed approach, the induction hardened component was found to have a maximal allowable loading significantly higher than that obtained with a nontreated one, and it was observed that the residual tensile stress peak found in the over-tempered region could become a limiting factor for fatigue rolling contact life.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, microstructural and mechanical characterization of a through-hardened M50 bearing steel is presented to compare and contrast their performances under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) loading.
Abstract: Microstructural and mechanical characterization investigations on three variants of a through-hardened M50 bearing steel are presented to compare and contrast their performances under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) loading. Baseline (BL) variant of M50 steel bearing balls is subjected to: (i) a surface nitriding treatment and (ii) a surface mechanical processing treatment, to obtain distinct microstructures and mechanical properties. These balls are subjected to RCF loading for several hundred million cycles at two different test temperatures, and the subsequent changes in subsurface hardness and compressive stress–strain response are measured. It was found that the RCF-affected subsurface regions grow larger in size at higher temperature. Micro-indentation hardness measurements within the RCF-affected regions revealed an increase in hardness in all the three variants. The size of the RCF-affected region and intensity of hardening were the largest in the BL material and smallest in the mechanically processed (MP) material. Based on Goodman's diagram, it is shown that the compressive residual stress reduces the effective fully reversed alternating stress amplitude and thereby retards the initiation and evolution of subsurface plasticity within the material during RCF loading. It is quantitatively shown that high material hardness and compressive residual stress are greatly beneficial for enhancing the RCF life of bearings.
7 citations
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Book•
01 Aug 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed analysis of the physical properties of the solid state and damage, including elasticity, deformation, shrinkage, and elasticity of the material.
Abstract: 1 Phenomenological Aspects of Damage.- 1.1 Physical Nature of the Solid State and Damage.- 1.1.1 Atoms, Elasticity and Damage.- 1.1.2 Slips, Plasticity and Irreversible Strains.- 1.1.3 Scale of the Phenomena of Strain and Damage.- 1.1.4 Different Manifestations of Damage.- 1.1.5 Exercise on Micrographic Observations.- 1.2 Mechanical Representation of Damage.- 1.2.1 One-Dimensional Surface Damage Variable.- 1.2.2 Effective Stress Concept.- 1.2.3 Strain Equivalence Principle.- 1.2.4 Coupling Between Strains and Damage Rupture Criterion Damage Threshold.- 1.2.5 Exercise on the Micromechanics of the Effective Damage Area.- 1.3 Measurement of Damage.- 1.3.1 Direct Measurements.- 1.3.2 Variation of the Elasticity Modulus.- 1.3.3 Variation of the Microhardness.- 1.3.4 Other Methods.- 1.3.5 Exercise on Measurement of Damage by the Stress Amplitude Drop.- 2 Thermodynamics and Micromechanics of Damage.- 2.1 Three-Dimensional Analysis of Isotropic Damage.- 2.1.1 Thermodynamical Variables, State Potential.- 2.1.2 Damage Equivalent Stress Criterion.- 2.1.3 Potential of Dissipation.- 2.1.4 Strain-Damage Coupled Constitutive Equations.- 2.1.5 Exercise on the Identification of Material Parameters.- 2.2 Analysis of Anisotropic Damage.- 2.2.1 Geometrical Definition of a Second-Order Damage Tensor.- 2.2.2 Thermodynamical Definition of a Fourth-Order Damage Tensor.- 2.2.3 Energetic Definition of a Double Scalar Variable.- 2.2.4 Exercise on Anisotropic Damage in Proportional Loading.- 2.3 Micromechanics of Damage.- 2.3.1 Brittle Isotropie Damage.- 2.3.2 Ductile Isotropie Damage.- 2.3.3 Anisotropie Damage.- 2.3.4 Microcrack Closure Effect, Unilateral Conditions.- 2.3.5 Damage Localization and Instability.- 2.3.6 Exercise on the Fiber Bundle System.- 3 Kinetic Laws of Damage Evolution.- 3.1 Unified Formulation of Damage Laws.- 3.1.1 General Properties and Formulation.- 3.1.2 Stored Energy Damage Threshold.- 3.1.3 Three-Dimensional Rupture Criterion.- 3.1.4 Case of Elastic-Perfectly Plastic and Damageable Materials.- 3.1.5 Identification of the Material Parameters.- 3.1.6 Exercise on Identification by a Low Cycle Test.- 3.2 Brittle Damage of Metals, Ceramics, Composites and Concrete.- 3.2.1 Pure Brittle Damage.- 3.2.2 Quasi-brittle Damage.- 3.2.3 Exercise on the Influence of the Triaxiality on Rupture.- 3.3 Ductile and Creep Damage of Metals and Polymers.- 3.3.1 Ductile Damage.- 3.3.2 Exercises on the Fracture Limits in Metal Forming.- 3.3.3 Creep Damage.- 3.3.4 Exercise on Isochronous Creep Damage Curves.- 3.4 Fatigue Damage.- 3.4.1 Low Cycle Fatigue.- 3.4.2 Exercise on Creep Fatigue Interaction.- 3.4.3 High Cycle Fatigue.- 3.4.4 Exercise on Damage Accumulation.- 3.5 Damage of Interfaces.- 3.5.1 Continuity of the Stress and Strain Vectors.- 3.5.2 Strain Surface Energy Release Rate.- 3.5.3 Kinetic Law of Debonding Damage Evolution.- 3.5.4 Simplified Model.- 3.5.5 Exercise on a Debonding Criterion for Interfaces.- 3.6 Table of Material Parameters.- 4 Analysis of Crack Initiation in Structures.- 4.1 Stress-Strain Analysis.- 4.1.1 Stress Concentrations.- 4.1.2 Neuter's Method.- 4.1.3 Finite Element Method.- 4.1.4 Exercise on the Stress Concentration Near a Hole.- 4.2 Uncoupled Analysis of Crack Initiation.- 4.2.1 Determination of the Critical Point(s).- 4.2.2 Integration of the Kinetic Damage Law.- 4.2.3 Exercise on Fatigue Crack Initiation Near a Hole.- 4.3 Locally Coupled Analysis.- 4.3.1 Localization of Damage.- 4.3.2 Postprocessing of Damage Growth.- 4.3.3 Description and Listing of the Postprocessor DAMAGE 90.- 4.3.4 Exercises Using the DAMAGE 90 Postprocessor.- 4.4 Fully Coupled Analysis.- 4.4.1 Initial Strain Hardening and Damage.- 4.4.2 Example of a Calculation Using the Finite Element Method.- 4.4.3 Growth of Damaged Zones and Macrocracks.- 4.4.4 Exercise on Damage Zone at a Crack Tip.- 4.5 Statistical Analysis with Microdefects.- 4.5.1 Initial Defects.- 4.5.2 Case of Brittle Materials.- 4.5.3 Case of Quasi Brittle Materials.- 4.5.4 Case of Ductile Materials.- 4.5.5 Volume Effect.- 4.5.6 Effect of Stress Heterogeneity.- 4.5.7 Exercise on Bending Fatigue of a Beam.- History of International Damage Mechanics Conferences.- Authors and Subject Index.
2,388 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1967TL;DR: Rolling bearing types and applications Rolling Bearing Macrogeometry Interference Fitting and Clearance Bearing Loads and Speeds Ball and Roller Loads Contact Stress and Deformation Distribution of Internal Loading in Statically Loaded Bearingings Internal Speeds and Motions Distribution of internal Loading in High Speed Bearing Deflection, Preloading, and Stiffness Statically Indeterminate Shaft - Bearing Systems Lubricant Films in Rolling Element - Raceway Contacts Friction in Fluid-Lubricated Rolling Element- RacewayContacts friction in Rolling Bearingings Rolling Bearing Temperatures Bearing
Abstract: Rolling Bearing Types and Applications Rolling Bearing Macrogeometry Interference Fitting and Clearance Bearing Loads and Speeds Ball and Roller Loads Contact Stress and Deformation Distribution of Internal Loading in Statically Loaded Bearings Internal Speeds and Motions Distribution of Internal Loading in High Speed Bearings Bearing Deflection, Preloading, and Stiffness Statically Indeterminate Shaft - Bearing Systems Lubricant Films in Rolling Element - Raceway Contacts Friction in Fluid-Lubricated Rolling Element - Raceway Contacts Friction in Rolling Bearings Rolling Bearing Temperatures Bearing Structural Materials Lubricants and Lubrication Techniques Fatigue Life: Lundberg Palmgren Theory and Rating Standards Bearing Endurance Testing and Element Testing Methods Statistical Methods to Analyze Endurance Permanent Deformation and Bearing Static Capacity Material Response to Rolling Contact Application Load and Life Factors Wear Vibration, Noise and Condition Monitoring Rotor Dynamics and Critical Speeds Investigation and Analysis of Bearing Failures Appendix Index.
1,961 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of cumulative fatigue damage theories for metals and their alloys, emphasizing the approaches developed between the early 1970s to the early 1990s, can be found in this paper, where the authors grouped these theories into six categories: linear damage rules, nonlinear damage curve and two-stage linearization approaches; life curve modification methods; approaches based on crack growth concepts; continuum damage mechanics models; and energy-based theories.
1,123 citations
588 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the critical plane orientation is correlated with the averaged principal stress directions deduced through the weight function method, and new fatigue failure failure criterion is proposed, and results derived by applying the present criterion and the other critical plane criteria analyzed are compared with experimental data related to different brittle (hard) metals under in-phase or out-of-phase sinusoidal biaxial normal and shear stress states.
326 citations