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Effects of habitat quality on secondary production in shallow estuarine waters and the consequences for the benthic-pelagic food web

01 Jan 2010-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the impact of habitat degradation on second-person production in the Saline Estuary and the Tidal Freshwater watershed in the state of Illinois.
Abstract: ................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I. ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT DEGRADATION IN THE COASTAL ZONE AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR RESIDENT BlOT A .................................. .2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 Motivations and Investigative Approach ............................................................... 12 Literature Cited ...................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER II. THE INFLUENCE OF HABIT AT QUALITY ON SECONDARY PRODUCTION IN SHALLOW ESTUARINE WATERS ............................................ 28 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 29 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 30 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................... 33 Site Selection ................................................................................................... 33 Data Collection ..................................................................... , .......................... 34 Analysis ............................................................................................................ 37 Results .................................................................................................................... 39 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 41 Interpreting the Saline Estuary ........................................................................ .42 Interpreting the Tidal Freshwater .................................................................... .46 Some Comments on Biodiversity and Productivity ........................................ .47 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 49 Literature Cited ...................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER Ill. THE INFLUENCE OF HABIT AT QUALITY AND MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY COMPOSITION ON NEKTON UTILIZATION OF SECONDARY PRODUCTION AS A FOOD SOURCE ........................................................................ 68 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 69 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 70 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................... 74 Site Selection ................................................................................................... 7 4 Data Collection ................................................................................................ 74 Analysis ............................................................................................................ 77 Results .................................................................................................................... 80 Site Characterization ........................................................................................ 80

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Citations
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Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the stable isotope compositions (C, N, and S) of hve, senescent, and standing dead Spartina alterniflora were compared in order to determine the effects of aerial decomposition on the isotopic signature of aboveground S. alternjflora entering the food chain, which indicated that N2fixing microorganisms associdated with microalgal communities were an important source of N to salt marsh consumers.
Abstract: The stable isotope compositions (C, N, and S) of hve, senescent, and standing dead Spartina alterniflora were compared in order to determine the effects of aerial decomposition on the isotopic signature of aboveground S. dlterniflora tissue entering the food chain. Aerial decomposition of aboveground S. alterniflora resulted in a 6 to 18% increase in P S , and a 2 to 3 % decrease in 615N values; 613c values were unchanged. We describe mechanisms whereby the activity of fungi and epiphytic microorganisms may contribute to the observed shlfts in and 6I5N, respectively. The 613c value of salt marsh benthic and eplphytic microalgae ranged from -13.0% in summer to -17.6%0 in early spring. Average 6'\" values of microalgae and standing dead S. altemiflora were -0 3 and l.?%, respectively, reflecting the activity of NZ-fixing microorganisms. The 615N values for omnivorous and herbivorous salt marsh macrofauna ranged between 7.5 and 2.2% and for predatory Fundulus spp. averaged 9.2%. Given a presumptive + 3 % trophic shift in N assimilation, these results suggest that N2-fixing microorganisms associdted with microalgal communities were an important source of N to salt marsh consumers. The 6% 6'\"N, and 6\"'s values of primary producers were compared to the values of the following consumers: Fundulus spp., Uca spp., Ilyanassa obsoleta, and Littoraria irrorata. 6I3C VS 6 1 5 ~ and 613C vs 63JS dual isotope plots demonstrated that microalgae and standing dead S. alternjflora are important food resources in the North Carolina (USA) marshes we sampled. In addition, a compilation of literature values suggests that this is true in salt marshes throughout the East and Gulf coasts of North America. Future isotope studies of marsh food webs should include detrital Spartina spp. material in analyses of trophic structure.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ecological analysis showed that total phosphorus concentration, temperature and salinity were the main environmental parameters affecting community structure of the Parila lagoon, and six species listed as frequent have a potential to be used as indicators of habitat quality.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to describe epibenthic macroinvertebrates and demersal fish and to identify links between spatial patterns and habitat characteristics (sediment, salinity, oxygen and temperature). The research was performed in the Parila lagoon in Croatia; an important nursery ground where conditions in epibenthic community can have significant direct and indirect impact on fisheries. Diversity (30 species) and abundance (from 0 to 7 ind m−2) of epibenthic assemblages was low on all stations and showed remarkable seasonal changes. Such patchiness could support the estuarine quality paradox idea, i.e. the most abundant species are well adapted to changing conditions in a variable environment. The ecological analysis showed that total phosphorus concentration (TP), temperature (T) and salinity (S) were the main environmental parameters affecting community structure of the Parila lagoon. Six species listed as frequent (Nerophis ophidion, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, Syngnathus typhle, Cerastoderma glaucum, Palaemon adspersus and Carcinus aestuarii) have a potential to be used as indicators of habitat quality. In terms of trophic diversity, community was dominated by carnivores and omnivores. Fish trophic index (above 2.7) indicated upward shift of the local food chain and towards mostly carnivorous species, while the absence of herbivorous species pointed to low environmental quality. The present study gives an insight into the current ecological conditions in the Parila lagoon. Further research about the sensitivity of these potential indicators to different types of pressure is necessary in order to select robust early-warning indicators framework.

4 citations


Cites background from "Effects of habitat quality on secon..."

  • ...and economically important nekton that use such habitat during their lifecycle as nurseries (Gillet 2010)....

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  • ...…ecological measurement of environmental disturbances that reflects in the ecological functioning, which in turn will be realized throughout the ecosystem via shifts in trophic relationships, nutrient cycling, and other key processes, and eventually provisioning of ecosystem services (Gillet 2010)....

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  • ...In estuarine food webs, they represent a link between highly productive organic matter sources of the shallows and ecologically and economically important nekton that use such habitat during their lifecycle as nurseries (Gillet 2010)....

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  • ...throughout the ecosystem via shifts in trophic relationships, nutrient cycling, and other key processes, and eventually provisioning of ecosystem services (Gillet 2010)....

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  • ...real relationships in the ecosystem (Gillet 2010)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the use of stable isotopic tracers for understanding the energy and food web relations in benthic communities is presented and their relative advantages are discussed.
Abstract: Some of the ways that the application of stable isotopic tracers have contributed to the extremely hard task of understanding the energy and food web relations in benthic communities are illustrated in this review. Several methods are presented and their relative advantages are discussed, namely the use of endmembers, nitrogen isotopes, carbon isotopes, and sulfur isotopes. Special attention is given to the application of multiple tracers and transects sampling, natural and man-made perturbation experiments, and 15 N additions as N cycle tracers.

459 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a close coupling of the two processes was demonstrated directly from the evolution of labeled N/sub 2/ following /sup 15/NH/sub 4//sup +/ amendments during spring experiments.
Abstract: Nitrification and denitrification in estuarine sediments were measured by /sup 15/N isotopic tracer techniques at two stations in the Patuxent River estuary for April and August. A close coupling of the two processes was demonstrated directly from the evolution of labeled N/sub 2/ following /sup 15/NH/sub 4//sup +/ amendments during spring experiments. In contrast, this coupled nitrification-denitrification was decreased by two orders of magnitude in the summer, even though the capacity for denitrification remained similar to spring levels. This pattern of sharply seasonal nitrification was corroborated with measurements of bacterial relative abundance. Ambient rates of nitrification-denitrification were inferred from /sup 15/N experiments in these sediments.

439 citations

Book ChapterDOI
15 Apr 2008
TL;DR: The most common applications of stable isotopes in plant ecophysiology have been discussed in this article, where they have been used in a wide range of applications, such as photosynthetic and ecophysiological differences.
Abstract: he use uf slable isolOpes of carbon, njlTogen. oxygen. and hydrogen to sludy J1h y~ iu l og i cil l rroces~es has increa sed exponemiaJly in the past three decades. Whe n Harm llO Cra ig (195 3. 1954) . a geochemist and early pioneer of natural abundance ,t a ble i,otopes. fi r, t mea ~ured iso topic values of plant materials. he f()und that plams tended to have a fairly na rrow ODC range of -25 tu 35'J!.o . In these inilial su rveys. he was unable ro find large taxonomic or en vironme ntal ('Hens on these values. Since that rime ecologists have ide nti ­ Ilt'd clea r isotopic signatures bJsed not only on diifc.:rem photosynthetic palhways, b UI also on ecophysiological differences. such as photosynthetic wa t(' r u~(' efficiell cy (WUE) and sources 01 wa te r and nilTogen used. As large l'n tp irica l dal abase, have accumulaled and our Iheoretical understanding uf i~otupic cOlTIrosilion bas impruved, sciemists have continued to discove r miS l1la lCll e, uelwet:' n Iheo retical and observed values. as well as confounding l'lfecls from ,ources and factors n ot previously considered . In the besl tradi­ lion ll f scie nce. these discoveries have led ro important new inSights into ph y~iologi cal or ecological processes. as well as new uses of stable isotopes in plant ccopbysiology. This chapter revie ws the most common applications of ~ l a ble isolope anal YSis in plant ecophysiology.

432 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multimetric benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed using data from five Chesapeake Bay sampling programs conducted between 1972 and 1991 as discussed by the authors, which was calculated by scoring each selected metric as 5, 3, or 1 depending on whether its value at a site approximated, deviated slightly from, or deviated greatly from conditions at the best reference sites.
Abstract: A multimetric benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed using data from five Chesapeake Bay sampling programs conducted between 1972 and 1991. Attributes of the index were selected by comparing the response of 17 candidate measures of benthic condition (metrics) between a set of minimally affected reference sites and at all other sites for which data were available. This procedure was conducted independently for each of seven habitats defined by salinity and substrate. Fifteen of the 17 candidate metrics differed significantly between reference sites and other sites for at least one habitat. No metric differed significantly in all seven habitats; however, four metrics, species diversity, abundance, biomass, and percent of abundance as pollution-indicative taxa, differed in six habitats. The index was calculated by scoring each selected metric as 5, 3, or 1 depending on whether its value at a site approximated, deviated slightly from, or deviated greatly from conditions at the best reference sites. Validation based on independent data collected between 1992 and 1994 indicated that the index correctly distinguished stressed sites from reference sites 93% of the time, with the highest validation rates occurring in high salinity habitats.

422 citations


"Effects of habitat quality on secon..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) scores (Weisberg et al. 1997), Mid Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) benthic index scores (Llansó et al 2002), species richness (S), ShannonWeiner Diversity (H´), and sediment nitrogen content (% by mass) were calculated/measured for…...

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  • ...Estimate Independent p Near Field B-IBI 70 0.6779 0.2696 0.0001 Near-Field MAIA 70 1.2463 0.0348 0.4991 Log10 Community Near-Field S 70 0.9706 0.0315 0.0006 Production Near-Field H 70 0.9425 0.2008 0.0019 Far-Field BIBI 80 1.1570 0.1470 0.0320 Far-Field MAIA 80 0.8227 0.1889 0.0018 Far-Field S 80 1.0217 0.0404 0.0001 Far-Field H 80 0.9404 0.2286 0.0052 Near-Field B-IBI 70 -56.0500 0.4783 0.0001 Near-Field MAIA 70 0.4951 0.0457 0.6049 Log10 Bivalve Near-Field S 70 0.1708 0.0382 0.0190 Production Near-Field H 70 0.3081 0.1591 0.1680 Far-Field BIBI 80 -0.0352 0.2616 0.0503 Far-Field MAIA 80 -0.6648 0.3448 0.0043 Far-Field S 80 0.0993 0.0442 0.0282 Far-Field H 80 -0.6852 0.5029 0.0019 Near-Field B-IBI 70 0.7721 0.1600 0.0002 Near-Field MAIA 70 1.0803 0.0306 0.4167 Log10 Non-bivalve Near-Field S 70 0.8223 0.0290 0.0001 Production Near-Field H 70 0.7283 0.2184 0.0001 Far-Field BIBI 80 1.0394 0.1251 0.0090 Far-Field MAIA 80 1.0782 0.0790 0.0612 Far-Field S 80 0.9426 0.0330 0.0001 Far-Field H 80 1.1276 0.0955 0.0897 Near-Field B-IBI 26 1.5347 -0.2266 0.0470 Near-Field MAIA 26 0.8223 0.08702 0.3696 Near-Field S 26 0.2949 0.07957 0.0062 Near-Field H 26 1.1134 -0.04981 0.7824 Log10 Community Near-Field % Pollution Indicitive 26 0.5343 0.00988 0.0069 Production Far-Field B-IBI 27 2.5441 -0.4479 0.0001 (g AFDM m-2 y-1) Far-Field MAIA 27 1.8531 -0.2170 0.0009 Far-Field S 27 0.9442 0.0234 0.4077 Far-Field H 27 1.0578 0.0579 0.6467 Far-Field % Pollution Indicitive 27 1.2565 -0.0017 0.5879 Ti da l F re sh w at er (mg AFDM m-2 d-1) (mg AFDM m-2 d-1) (mg AFDM m-2 d-1) Sa lin e Salinity Zone Dependent Variable Stratum Independent Variable 1 Independent Variable 2 N r 2 Intercept Estimate Ind. Var....

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  • ...37 The Chesapeake Bay B-IBI and the MAIA benthic index are two examples of multi-metric indices of benthic habitat condition used by the states of Maryland and Virginia (B-IBI) and the United States Ecological Protection Agency (MAIA) in the monitoring of the Chesapeake Bay and other Mid-Atlantic estuarine and coastal waters....

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  • ...…sessile nature, which prevents them from avoiding pollution; their relatively long 7 lifespan, which integrates environmental insults over time, and the diversity of the community, which can lead to many different community states (Weisberg et al. 1997; Van Dolah et al. 1999; Llansó et al. 2002)....

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  • ...Chisman Creek was not the highest quality site as determined simply by B-IBI score, 93 as the Chesapeake Bay Program would, or in the PCA conducted in this study, but it was not particularly degraded either....

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