Effects of heating and cooling of the spinal cord on preoptic unit activity.
01 Nov 1970-Journal of Applied Physiology (American Physiological Society)-Vol. 29, Iss: 5, pp 675-683
About: This article is published in Journal of Applied Physiology.The article was published on 1970-11-01. It has received 95 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Spinal cord.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This review summarizes the functional organization of the neural pathways through which cutaneous thermal receptors alter thermoregulatory effectors: the cutaneous circulation for heat loss, the brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and heart for thermogenesis and species-dependent mechanisms (sweating, panting and saliva spreading) for evaporative heat loss.
Abstract: Central neural circuits orchestrate a homeostatic repertoire to maintain body temperature during environmental temperature challenges and to alter body temperature during the inflammatory response. This review summarizes the functional organization of the neural pathways through which cutaneous thermal receptors alter thermoregulatory effectors: the cutaneous circulation for heat loss, the brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and heart for thermogenesis and species-dependent mechanisms (sweating, panting and saliva spreading) for evaporative heat loss. These effectors are regulated by parallel but distinct, effector-specific neural pathways that share a common peripheral thermal sensory input. The thermal afferent circuits include cutaneous thermal receptors, spinal dorsal horn neurons and lateral parabrachial nucleus neurons projecting to the preoptic area to influence warm-sensitive, inhibitory output neurons which control thermogenesis-promoting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus that project to premotor neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla, including the raphe pallidus, that descend to provide the excitation necessary to drive thermogenic thermal effectors. A distinct population of warm-sensitive preoptic neurons controls heat loss through an inhibitory input to raphe pallidus neurons controlling cutaneous vasoconstriction.
544 citations
Cites background from "Effects of heating and cooling of t..."
...Temperature changes in the spinal cord can affect the activity of thermoregulatory neurons in the POA (43)....
[...]
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current understandings of the central circuitry mechanisms that underlie nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, shivering thermogenic in skeletal muscles, thermoregulatory cardiac regulation, heat-loss regulation through cutaneous vasomotion, and ACTH release.
Abstract: Body temperature regulation is a fundamental homeostatic function that is governed by the central nervous system in homeothermic animals, including humans. The central thermoregulatory system also ...
447 citations
Cites background from "Effects of heating and cooling of t..."
...In support of a role of temperature sensation in the spinal cord in thermoregulation, temperature changes in the spinal cord affect the activity of thermoregulatory neurons in the POA (44)....
[...]
TL;DR: The organization of the thermoregulatory system, and particularly the physiology of postanesthetic shivering, is reviewed and the pharmacology of thermoreGulation is discussed and the putative mechanisms and sites of action of various antishivering drugs are reviewed.
Abstract: IN homeothermic species, a thermoregulatory system coordinates defenses against cold and heat to maintain internal body temperature within a narrow range, thus optimizing normal physiologic and metabolic function. The combination of anesthetic-induced thermoregulatory impairment and exposure to a cool environment makes most unwarmed surgical patients hypothermic. Although shivering is but one consequence of perioperative hypothermia, and rarely the most serious, it occurs frequently (i.e., 40–60% after volatile anesthetics), and it remains poorly understood. While coldinduced thermoregulatory shivering remains an obvious etiology, the phenomenon has also been attributed to numerous other causes. Our first goal is to review the organization of the thermoregulatory system, and particularly the physiology of postanesthetic shivering. We then discuss the pharmacology of thermoregulation and review the putative mechanisms and sites of action of various antishivering drugs.
410 citations
TL;DR: The research leading to a model of the feedforward reflex pathway through which environmental cold stimulates thermogenesis is summarized and the influence on this thermoregulatory network of the pyrogenic mediator, prostaglandin E2, to increase body temperature is discussed.
Abstract: Thermogenesis, the production of heat energy, is an essential component of the homeostatic repertoire to maintain body temperature in mammals and birds during the challenge of low environmental temperature and plays a key role in elevating body temperature during the febrile response to infection. The primary sources of neurally regulated metabolic heat production are mitochondrial oxidation in brown adipose tissue, increases in heart rate and shivering in skeletal muscle. Thermogenesis is regulated in each of these tissues by parallel networks in the central nervous system, which respond to feedforward afferent signals from cutaneous and core body thermoreceptors and to feedback signals from brain thermosensitive neurons to activate the appropriate sympathetic and somatic efferents. This review summarizes the research leading to a model of the feedforward reflex pathway through which environmental cold stimulates thermogenesis and discusses the influence on this thermoregulatory network of the pyrogenic mediator, prostaglandin E2, to increase body temperature. The cold thermal afferent circuit from cutaneous thermal receptors ascends via second-order thermosensory neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to activate neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus, which drive GABAergic interneurons in the preoptic area to inhibit warm-sensitive, inhibitory output neurons of the preoptic area. The resulting disinhibition of thermogenesis-promoting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and possibly of sympathetic and somatic premotor neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla, including the raphe pallidus, activates excitatory inputs to spinal sympathetic and somatic motor circuits to drive thermogenesis.
386 citations
Cites background from "Effects of heating and cooling of t..."
...Temperature changes in the spinal cord can affect the activity of thermoregulatory neurons in the POA (Guieu & Hardy, 1970)....
[...]