Effects of pretreatment with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
TL;DR: The results showed that diets pretreated with phytase gave better growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia compared with thephytase control diet and pretreatment control diet (P 0.05).
Abstract: This study was to assess effects of the pretreatment in allplant based diets with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Pretreatment trials were conducted using phytase at graded doses to determine the optimal dose of phytase. Available phosphorus (P) levels increased significantly with the increased doses of phytase and the dose of 1000 U kg )1 was most efficient. Based on the pretreatment trials, plant based diets for Nile tilapia were formulated by pretreating with phytase at 1000 U kg )1 . Experimental diets were supplemented with graded levels of mono calcium phosphate (MCP) at 25, 18.75, 12.5, 6.25 and 0 g kg )1 diet. In addition, there were three controls: one phytase control, one inorganic P control and one pretreatment control. The results showed that diets pretreated with phytase gave better growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia compared with the phytase control diet and pretreatment control diet (P 0.05), which resulted in significantly better performance than those at 6.25 and 0 g kg )1 (P 0.05).
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TL;DR: Results of this study suggest that by using ideal protein theory to formulate diets supplemented with the first four limiting amino acids (Lys, Met, Thr, Ile) digestible protein can be reduced from 32.3% to 27.7% without adversely affecting hybrid tilapia productivity indices.
33 citations
Cites background from "Effects of pretreatment with microb..."
...Since tilapia retain 29–38% of dietary phosphorus (Cao et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2009), excreted phosphorus accumulated in the BFT system....
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the nutritional suitability and cost-effectiveness of some Ghanaian oilseed byproducts, soybean meal (Glycine spp), cottonseed meal, groundnut cake (Arachis hypogaea L.) and groundnut husk, as alternative protein sources to fishmeal (FM) in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.).
Abstract: One of the major problems facing aquaculture in Ghana is the non-availability of quality and affordable fish feeds. The present study investigated the nutritional suitability and cost-effectiveness of some Ghanaian oilseed by-products, soybean meal (Glycine spp), cottonseed meal (Gossypium spp), groundnut cake (Arachis hypogaea L.) and groundnut husk, as alternative protein sources to fishmeal (FM) in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). The oilseed meals were used individually, as mixtures, as mixtures enriched with methionine and mixtures detoxified by heat processing (autoclaving) and/or addition of supplements (viz. phytase and ferrous sulphate) intended to reduce levels of the most important antinutritional factors (ANFs). Diets, containing the oilseed meals at inclusion levels from 25% to 75% dietary protein, were formulated to be isonitrogenous (320 g.kg-1), isolipidic (100 g.kg-1) and isoenergetic (18 KJ.g-1) and fed to juvenile Nile tilapia at 4-10% of their body weight for a period of eight weeks.
Proximate analysis showed that soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), groundnut cake (GNC) and groundnut husk (GNH) had 500.3, 441.4, 430.5 and 205.6 g.kg-1 crude protein, 38.2, 89.5, 12.8 and 89.2 g.kg-1 crude fibre and 20.19, 19.61, 23.17 and 22.18 kJ.g-1 gross energy respectively. Generally the oilseed meals had good essential amino acid (EAA) profiles with the exception of GNH. The EAA profile of SBM compared very well with FM but methionine and threonine were low (0.73 and 1.50 % of protein respectively) and the same was true for CSM and GNC with even lower levels. Analyzed ANFs in SBM, CSM, GNC and GNH were 17.54, 31.64, 14.86 and 3.99 g.kg-1 phytic acid, 14.09, 1.24 and 2.34 g.kg-1 trypsin inhibitors and 5.80, 6.50, 8.01 and 10.08 g.kg-1 saponin respectively and in CSM 5.6 g.kg-1 gossypol. Nutrient digestibility of these oilseed proteins suggested that Nile tilapia may be able to utilize SBM, CSM and GNC efficiently as dietary protein sources due to high apparent protein digestibility of 94.50%, 84.93% and 90.01% respectively. However, GNH may not be suitable because of very low apparent protein digestibility (27.67%).
These protein sources when used individually were shown to cause depressed growth and feed efficiency when substituting more than 50% of the FM protein in diets. This may be attributed to high levels of ANFs, high fibre content and poor EAA profile. However, the use of mixtures of these meals was found to be marginally more effective than that of single sources. This may have been as a result of lower levels of ANFs and improvement in essential amino acid profile due to mixing. Supplementing the mixtures with methionine led to improvement in feed utilization but without significantly improving the nutritive value compared with FM. Heat processing was effective in reducing heat labile trypsin inhibitors in SBM, CSM and GNC by almost 80%, but not phytic acid and saponins, which remained virtually unaffected. Use of meals detoxified by heat processing…
28 citations
Cites background from "Effects of pretreatment with microb..."
...43 The inclusion of microbial phytase in feed is an approach to increase phytic phosphorus bioavailability and thereby reduce or fully replace the use of inorganic phosphorus supplements (Cao et al., 2008; Oliva-Teles et al., 1998; Rodehutscord et al., 1995b)....
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...It is deactivated at temperatures above 65oC (Cao et al., 2008)....
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...It is deactivated at temperatures above 65C (Cao et al., 2008)....
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...43 The inclusion of microbial phytase in feed is an approach to increase phytic phosphorus bioavailability and thereby reduce or fully replace the use of inorganic phosphorus supplements (Cao et al., 2008; Oliva-Teles et al., 1998; Rodehutscord et al., 1995b)....
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TL;DR: The results indicate that there is ample scope for further research to appraise potential application of gut bacteria for sustainable utilization of aquatic weeds as aquafeed ingredients.
Abstract: Extracellular phytase production by Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gut of a minor carp, Labeo bata, has been investigated under solid-state fermentation using leaves from four low cost aquatic weeds (Ipomea aquatica, Pistia stratiotes, Lemna major, and Eichhornia crassipes) as substrates. Water spinach, I. aquatica, leaf meal supported maximum phytase activity (15.31 ± 0.38 U/g) and phytate degradation (66.79%). Incubation for 8 days at pH 7 and 35°C temperature revealed optimum phytase production. Maximum phytase production complied with 3.0-mL inoculum size (12.38 ± 0.05 U/g) and 60% initial moisture content (13.46 ± 0.08 U/g). Glucose (10 g/L) and ammonium sulfate (20.0 g/L) supplementation as additional carbon and nitrogen sources yielded maximum phytase production (12.24 ± 0.09 and 17.35 ± 0.06 U/g, respectively). Analysis of fermented leaf meal revealed that there was marginal increase (t-value significant at p < 0.05) in the contents of crude protein, lipid, minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu...
27 citations
Cites background from "Effects of pretreatment with microb..."
...Assuming the above mentioned benefits, incorporation of phytase into commercial fish diets has also been reported (Sardar et al., 2007; Cao et al., 2008)....
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TL;DR: The present results indicate that supplementation of phytase at 750 FTU kg−1 and 1500 FTU kg−1 improves growth performances, feed and phosphorus utilization and the supplementation can completely replace dicalcium phosphate or other phosphorus sources in tra catfish feed and reduce the phosphorus discharge into environment.
Abstract: Six isonitrogenous (320 g kg−1) and isolipidic (60 g kg−1) diets were formulated with graded levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 g kg−1) of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and fungal phytase (750 and 1500 FTU kg−1 diet). Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), 9.6 g, were fed the diets for 12 weeks. Each experimental diet was fed to eight replicates of fish to apparent satiation. At the end of the trial, fish fed the diets containing 15 g kg−1 DCP, 750 and 1500 FTU kg−1 phytase had higher growth performances, protein efficiency ratio and phosphorus retention than those fed the control diet, 5 g kg−1 DCP and 10 g kg−1 DCP diets (P < 0.05). Whole body ash and phosphorus concentration of fish fed the 10 g kg−1 DCP and 15 g kg−1 DCP diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet. Higher apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus was observed in fish fed the phytase supplemented diets. The present results indicate that supplementation of phytase at 750 FTU kg−1 and 1500 FTU kg−1 improves growth performances, feed and phosphorus utilization. The supplementation can completely replace dicalcium phosphate or other phosphorus sources in tra catfish feed and reduce the phosphorus discharge into environment.
25 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Abstract: Set your standards with these standard methods. This is it: the most widely read publication in the water industry, your all-inclusive reference tool. This comprehensive reference covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis methods. More than 400 methods - all detailed step-by-step; 8 vibrant, full-color pages of aquatic algae illustrations; Never-before-seen figures that will help users with toxicity testing and the identification of apparatus used in the methods; Over 300 superbly illustrated figures; A new analytical tool for a number of inorganic nonmetals; Improved coverage of data evaluation, sample preservation, and reagant water; And much more!
78,324 citations
21,056 citations
01 Jan 1960
5,154 citations