Effects of pretreatment with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

doi:10.1111/J.1365-2095.2007.00508.X

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Effects of pretreatment with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Journal Article•DOI•

Effects of pretreatment with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Ling Cao¹, Yi Yang², Weimin Wang¹, Amararatne Yakupitiyage², D. R. Yuan², James S. Diana³ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

Huazhong Agricultural University¹, Asian Institute of Technology², University of Michigan³

01 Apr 2008-Aquaculture Nutrition (Blackwell Publishing Ltd)-Vol. 14, Iss: 2, pp 99-109

TL;DR: The results showed that diets pretreated with phytase gave better growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia compared with thephytase control diet and pretreatment control diet (P 0.05).

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Abstract: This study was to assess effects of the pretreatment in allplant based diets with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Pretreatment trials were conducted using phytase at graded doses to determine the optimal dose of phytase. Available phosphorus (P) levels increased significantly with the increased doses of phytase and the dose of 1000 U kg )1 was most efficient. Based on the pretreatment trials, plant based diets for Nile tilapia were formulated by pretreating with phytase at 1000 U kg )1 . Experimental diets were supplemented with graded levels of mono calcium phosphate (MCP) at 25, 18.75, 12.5, 6.25 and 0 g kg )1 diet. In addition, there were three controls: one phytase control, one inorganic P control and one pretreatment control. The results showed that diets pretreated with phytase gave better growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia compared with the phytase control diet and pretreatment control diet (P 0.05), which resulted in significantly better performance than those at 6.25 and 0 g kg )1 (P 0.05).

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Journal Article•DOI•

Phytate and phytase in fish nutrition

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Vikas Kumar¹, Amit Kumar Sinha², Harinder P. S. Makkar¹, G. De Boeck², Klaus Becker¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

University of Hohenheim¹, University of Antwerp²

01 Jun 2012-Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

TL;DR: Effects of phytate on fish, dephytinisation processes, phytase and pathway forphytate degradation,phytase production systems, mode ofPhytase application, bioefficacy of phyllase, effects of Phytase on growth performance, nutrient utilization and aquatic environment pollution, and optimum dosage of phydase in fish diets are discussed.

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Abstract: Phytate formed during maturation of plant seeds and grains is a common constituent of plant-derived fish feed. Phytate-bound phosphorus (P) is not available to gastric or agastric fish. A major concern about the presence of phytate in the aquafeed is its negative effect on growth performance, nutrient and energy utilization, and mineral uptake. Bound phytate-P, can be effectively converted to available-P by phytase. During the last decade, phytase has been used by aqua feed industries to enhance the growth performance, nutrient utilization and bioavailability of macro and micro minerals in fish and also to reduce the P pollution into the aquatic environment. Phytase activity is highly dependent on the pH of the fish gut. Unlike mammals, fish are either gastric or agastric, and hence, the action of dietary phytase varies from species to species. In comparison to poultry and swine production, the use of phytase in fish feed is still in an unproven stage. This review discusses effects of phytate on fish, dephytinisation processes, phytase and pathway for phytate degradation, phytase production systems, mode of phytase application, bioefficacy of phytase, effects of phytase on growth performance, nutrient utilization and aquatic environment pollution, and optimum dosage of phytase in fish diets.

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282 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Supplementation of formulated diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with selected exogenous enzymes: Overall performance and effects on intestinal histology and microbiota

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Ayodeji A. Adeoye¹, Alexander Jaramillo-Torres¹, Simon W. Fox¹, Daniel L. Merrifield¹, Simon J. Davies² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

University of Plymouth¹, Harper Adams University²

01 May 2016-Animal Feed Science and Technology

TL;DR: The supplementation of diets with phytase has the potential to enhance tilapia growth without detrimental impacts on intestinal health.

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82 citations

Cites background from "Effects of pretreatment with microb..."

...Cao et al. (2008) 342 reported the same effect when Nile tilapia were fed with a phytase supplemented 343 diet; the phytase supplemented diet gave better growth performance, FCR and PER 344 compared with the control group....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Phytase-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish.

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Tanami Roy¹, Sabyasachi Mondal¹, Arun Kumar Ray¹•Institutions (1)

Visva-Bharati University¹

01 Feb 2009-Aquaculture Research

TL;DR: The highest phytase activity was observed in the bacterial strains LF1 and LH1 isolated from the fore and the hindgut regions of rohu respectively, and both the strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis.

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Abstract: Isolation and enumeration of phytase-producing bacterial flora in the foregut and hindgut regions of the gastrointestinal tracts of 10 culturable freshwater teleosts of different feeding habits, namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), bata (Labeo bata), kalbasu (Labeo calbasu), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), have been carried out. Microbial culture of the gut mucosa on selected nutrient media following the enrichment culture technique was performed for bacterial isolation. The bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of their enzyme-producing ability. The bacterial population on the tryptone soya agar (TSA) plate was maximum in the hindgut region of bata, followed by mrigal and minimum in the foregut region of Nile tilapia. In modified phytase screening medium (MPSM), phytase-producing strains were recorded at higher densities in the foregut region of mrigal and grass carp and minimum in the foregut region of bata. In case of the hindgut, maximum phytase-producing strains were present in grass carp and mrigal and minimum in rohu. In general, in MPSM, the bacterial population was lower in the hindgut region of all the 10 species of fish examined. The phytase-producing ability of the selected 31 strains (16 from the foregut and 15 from the hindgut region) was determined by clearing zones on phytate-containing plates. Among these isolates, 22 strains (12 from the foregut and 10 from the hindgut region) were selected as potent phytase producers according to a quantitative enzyme assay. The highest phytase activity was observed in the bacterial strains LF1 and LH1 isolated from the fore and the hindgut regions of rohu respectively. Both the strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis.

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66 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Bioenergetics-Based Factorial Model to Determine Feed Requirement and Waste Output of Tilapia Produced under Commercial Conditions

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M.A. Kabir Chowdhury¹, Sohail Siddiqui², Katheline Hua³, Dominique P. Bureau¹•Institutions (3)

University of Guelph¹, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources², Humboldt University of Berlin³

10 Oct 2013-Aquaculture

TL;DR: The modified TGC models produced a better fit of the growth trajectory of the fish on the commercial farm across production stages compared with other growth models (specific growth rate, linear model).

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45 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Bile acid metabolism in fish: disturbances caused by fishmeal alternatives and some mitigating effects from dietary bile inclusions

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Nicholas Romano¹, Vikas Kumar², Gang Yang², Kimia Kajbaf², Marina B. Rubio², Ken Overturf³, Andreas Brezas², Ronald W. Hardy² - Show less +4 more•Institutions (3)

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff¹, University of Idaho², United States Department of Agriculture³

02 Jan 2020-Reviews in Aquaculture

44 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Pretreatment of Soybean Meal with Phytase for Salmonid Diets to Reduce Phosphorus Concentrations in Hatchery Effluents

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Kenneth D. Cain¹, Donald L. Garling¹•Institutions (1)

Michigan State University¹

01 Apr 1995-The Progressive Fish-culturist

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed experimental diets containing phytase-treated or untreated soybean meal with graded levels of supplemental phosphorus (P) were compared with the performance for rainbow trout fed a standard commercial feed.

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Abstract: Performances of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed experimental diets containing phytase-treated or untreated soybean meal with graded levels of supplemental phosphorus (P) were compared with the performance of rainbow trout fed a standard commercial feed. Growth rates and feed conversions (feed fed/weight gain) of fish fed diets containing phytase-treated soybean meal were equal to or significantly better (P 0.05). Pretreatment with the enzyme phytase increased P availability in soybean meal by hydrolyzing phytin P to an available inorganic form. Converted phytin P replaced supplemental P in the diet and was utilized effectively by rainbow trout. The lower dietary P levels resulted in a 65–88% reduction of P in the effluent. Juvenile fish (1.9 g/ fish, mean initial weight) fed a commercial feed releas...

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158 citations

"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background or methods or result in this paper

...Growth improvement was also observed in rainbow trout fed phytase-supplemented diets (Rodehutscord & Pfeffer 1995; Papatryphon et al. 1999), and salmon and rainbow trout fed the diets with phytase pretreated ingredients (Cain & Garling 1995; Vielma et al. 2002)....
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...…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Aquaculture Nutrition 14; 99–109 106 higher P requirements than large fish [NRC (National Research Council) 1993; Cain & Garling 1995]....
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...Currently, there are increasing interests in the complete replacement of fish meal by various grain products, such as soybean meal, wheat flour and corn gluten meal (Cain & Garling 1995)....
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...Cain & Garling (1995) reported that pretreatment of soybean meal with phytase enhanced growth performance and P utilization of juvenile rainbow trout....
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...The pretreatment method described by Cain & Garling (1995) was used and adapted in the present study....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed plant based low phosphorus diets supplemented with graded levels of different sources of microbial phytase

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Frank Liebert¹, Leandro Portz²•Institutions (2)

University of Göttingen¹, Federal University of Bahia²

29 Jul 2005-Aquaculture

TL;DR: Based on ingredients and composition of the diet under study, the experimental phytase SP1002 expressed superior performance data compared to Ronozyme®P, and increased energy-, protein- and phosphorus utilization significantly.

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154 citations

"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background in this paper

...Liebert & Portz (2005) reported the optimal growth of Nile tilapia was achieved by phytase supplementation at 750–1250 U kg)1 in plant-based diets....
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...…trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Rodehutscord & Pfeffer 1995; Forster et al. 1999), common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Schäfer et al. 1995), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Jackson et al.1996;Li&Robinson1997) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Furuya et al. 2001; Liebert & Portz 2005)....
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...Many studies have demonstrated that addition of phytase to fish feeds can improve the utilization of phytate P and decrease the total P load to the environment for several species (Vielma et al. 1998; Liebert & Portz 2005)....
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...Liebert & Portz (2005) reported that phytase supplementation of 750 U kg)1 in Nile tilapia diets resulted in the same performance as inorganic P addition (NaH2PO4; 15 g kg )1 diet)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Response of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Growing from 50 to 200 g to Supplements of Dibasic Sodium Phosphate in a Semipurified Diet

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Markus Rodehutscord¹•Institutions (1)

University of Bonn¹

01 Jan 1996-Journal of Nutrition

TL;DR: Nonlinear responses of trout to increasing dietary phosphorus concentration determined over 53 d were described using exponential functions, and 0.25 g available phosphorus/MJ digestible energy is recommended for trout diets.

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Abstract: Effects of increasing dietary concentrations of phosphorus on growth, feed intake, feed conversion, composition of gain and concentration of inorganic phosphate in plasma were studied in rainbow trout. Twelve groups of 20 trout initially weighing 53 ± 0.6 g/fish were fed semipurified diets containing 19.6 MJ digestible energy per kilogram of dry matter. Twelve levels of phosphorus ranging from 1.03 to 10.96 g/kg dry matter were achieved by replacing inorganic binder with dibasic sodium phosphate in 11 graded levels. Nonlinear responses of trout to increasing dietary phosphorus concentration determined over 53 d were described using exponential functions. Feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio as well as plasma inorganic phosphate concentration increased with increasing dietary phosphorus concentration. The concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium in weight gain increased, whereas concentrations of lipids and energy in weight gain decreased with increasing dietary phosphorus concentration. Concentrations of protein and sodium in weight gain were unaffected. Different concentrations of dietary phosphorus were required for achieving 95% of the plateau value determined for desired traits. In growth rate and phosphorus deposition, the required phosphorus concentrations were 3.7 and 5.6 g/kg dry matter, respectively. However, dietary phosphorus was utilized most efficiently (88%) at a dietary concentration of 2.5 g/kg dry matter. At the dietary phosphorus concentration that resulted in maximum phosphorus deposition (5.6 g/kg dry matter), phosphorus utilization was about 60%. Supplemental phosphorus from dibasic sodium phosphate was completely available to trout which must be considered in formulating recommendations. Based on this work, 0.25 g available phosphorus/MJ digestible energy is recommended for trout diets.

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151 citations

Additional excerpts

...Besides, lipid and dry matter contents in the whole body increased when Nile tilapia fed the low available P diets (diets 1 and 8), which agreed with the results in carp (Onishi et al. 1981) and rainbow trout (Rodehutscord 1996)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of phytic acid and phytase on feed intake, growth, digestibility and trypsin activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

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Mir Masoud Sajjadi¹, Chris G. Carter¹•Institutions (1)

University of Tasmania¹

01 Apr 2004-Aquaculture Nutrition

TL;DR: The significance of this experiment was to separate the direct effects of phytase and the direct effect of phytic acid, added in a pure form, from effects due to other components in ingredients containing phYtic acid.

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Abstract: In the majority of experiments, the effects of phytic acid (with or without phytase) are not separated from the effects of adding plant meals containing phytic acid. A 12-week experiment was conducted with Atlantic salmon (28.9 g) to determine the separate and combined effects of phytic acid and phytase on feed intake, trypsin activity, digestibility and growth. Diets were prepared without phytic acid and phytase; with 2000 U phytase kg )1 diet; with 10 g sodium phytate kg )1 diet; and with 10 g sodium phytate and 2000 U phytase kg )1 diet. The basal diet contained sufficient phosphorus and other minerals to meet salmonid requirements. The addition of phytic acid had no significant effect on feed intake or weight gain, it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced protein digestibility although there was no reduction in trypsin activity. Phytase inclusion neutralized the effect of phytic acid on protein digestibility. Phytase had no effect on feed intake but significantly enhanced growth whether included with or without phytic acid. Feed efficiency ratio was significantly improved for fish fed the diet containing both phytase and phytic acid but not separately. The significance of this experiment was to separate the direct effects of phytase and the direct effects of phytic acid, added in a pure form, from effects due to other components in ingredients containing phytic acid.

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147 citations

"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background or result in this paper

...No significant difference was observed in the ADCcp in the present study, and the result was consistent to those reported by other studies (Riche et al. 2001; Sajjadi & Carter 2004; Yoo et al. 2005)....
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...Results related to weight gain, apparent digestibility of crude protein and amino acids after phytase addition also showed great inconsistency (Sajjadi & Carter 2004)....
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...4 Calculated as: available P = total P ) phytate P (Sajjadi & Carter 2004)....
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...2 Calculated as: available phosphorus (P) = total P ) phytate P (Sajjadi & Carter 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Dephytinization of two soy proteins increases phosphorus and protein utilization by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

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Jouni Vielma, Kari Ruohonen, Manfred Peisker

21 Jan 2002-Aquaculture

TL;DR: Although similarly low P loads cannot yet be expected from practical diets, dephytinization of soy with phytase could offer a powerful tool for nutrient discharge management in aquaculture.

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138 citations

"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background or methods or result in this paper

...Growth improvement was also observed in rainbow trout fed phytase-supplemented diets (Rodehutscord & Pfeffer 1995; Papatryphon et al. 1999), and salmon and rainbow trout fed the diets with phytase pretreated ingredients (Cain & Garling 1995; Vielma et al. 2002)....
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...Factors like FCR, ingredient digestibility and dietary phosphorus content affect phosphorus load (Vielma et al. 2002)....
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...Vielma et al. (2002) found better growth and feed utilization efficiency by pretreatment could be attributed partially to more efficient phytic acid hydrolysis in comparison to top-spraying phytase....
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...Phosphorus load was calculated as (Vielma et al. 2002): P load (g P kg 1Þ ¼ ðP fed, gÞ ðP deposited, gÞðWeight gain, kgÞ Digestibility trial A digestibility trial was conducted after the termination of the growth trial in twenty-four 80-...
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...Phytase is not heat stable and should be applied by avoiding excess heat during extrusion and other steps in diet manufacture (Vielma et al. 2002)....
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