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Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of pretreatment with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

01 Apr 2008-Aquaculture Nutrition (Blackwell Publishing Ltd)-Vol. 14, Iss: 2, pp 99-109
TL;DR: The results showed that diets pretreated with phytase gave better growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia compared with thephytase control diet and pretreatment control diet (P 0.05).
Abstract: This study was to assess effects of the pretreatment in allplant based diets with microbial phytase on phosphorous utilization and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Pretreatment trials were conducted using phytase at graded doses to determine the optimal dose of phytase. Available phosphorus (P) levels increased significantly with the increased doses of phytase and the dose of 1000 U kg )1 was most efficient. Based on the pretreatment trials, plant based diets for Nile tilapia were formulated by pretreating with phytase at 1000 U kg )1 . Experimental diets were supplemented with graded levels of mono calcium phosphate (MCP) at 25, 18.75, 12.5, 6.25 and 0 g kg )1 diet. In addition, there were three controls: one phytase control, one inorganic P control and one pretreatment control. The results showed that diets pretreated with phytase gave better growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia compared with the phytase control diet and pretreatment control diet (P 0.05), which resulted in significantly better performance than those at 6.25 and 0 g kg )1 (P 0.05).

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Effects of phytate on fish, dephytinisation processes, phytase and pathway forphytate degradation,phytase production systems, mode ofPhytase application, bioefficacy of phyllase, effects of Phytase on growth performance, nutrient utilization and aquatic environment pollution, and optimum dosage of phydase in fish diets are discussed.
Abstract: Phytate formed during maturation of plant seeds and grains is a common constituent of plant-derived fish feed. Phytate-bound phosphorus (P) is not available to gastric or agastric fish. A major concern about the presence of phytate in the aquafeed is its negative effect on growth performance, nutrient and energy utilization, and mineral uptake. Bound phytate-P, can be effectively converted to available-P by phytase. During the last decade, phytase has been used by aqua feed industries to enhance the growth performance, nutrient utilization and bioavailability of macro and micro minerals in fish and also to reduce the P pollution into the aquatic environment. Phytase activity is highly dependent on the pH of the fish gut. Unlike mammals, fish are either gastric or agastric, and hence, the action of dietary phytase varies from species to species. In comparison to poultry and swine production, the use of phytase in fish feed is still in an unproven stage. This review discusses effects of phytate on fish, dephytinisation processes, phytase and pathway for phytate degradation, phytase production systems, mode of phytase application, bioefficacy of phytase, effects of phytase on growth performance, nutrient utilization and aquatic environment pollution, and optimum dosage of phytase in fish diets.

282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The supplementation of diets with phytase has the potential to enhance tilapia growth without detrimental impacts on intestinal health.

82 citations


Cites background from "Effects of pretreatment with microb..."

  • ...Cao et al. (2008) 342 reported the same effect when Nile tilapia were fed with a phytase supplemented 343 diet; the phytase supplemented diet gave better growth performance, FCR and PER 344 compared with the control group....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The highest phytase activity was observed in the bacterial strains LF1 and LH1 isolated from the fore and the hindgut regions of rohu respectively, and both the strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis.
Abstract: Isolation and enumeration of phytase-producing bacterial flora in the foregut and hindgut regions of the gastrointestinal tracts of 10 culturable freshwater teleosts of different feeding habits, namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), bata (Labeo bata), kalbasu (Labeo calbasu), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), have been carried out. Microbial culture of the gut mucosa on selected nutrient media following the enrichment culture technique was performed for bacterial isolation. The bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of their enzyme-producing ability. The bacterial population on the tryptone soya agar (TSA) plate was maximum in the hindgut region of bata, followed by mrigal and minimum in the foregut region of Nile tilapia. In modified phytase screening medium (MPSM), phytase-producing strains were recorded at higher densities in the foregut region of mrigal and grass carp and minimum in the foregut region of bata. In case of the hindgut, maximum phytase-producing strains were present in grass carp and mrigal and minimum in rohu. In general, in MPSM, the bacterial population was lower in the hindgut region of all the 10 species of fish examined. The phytase-producing ability of the selected 31 strains (16 from the foregut and 15 from the hindgut region) was determined by clearing zones on phytate-containing plates. Among these isolates, 22 strains (12 from the foregut and 10 from the hindgut region) were selected as potent phytase producers according to a quantitative enzyme assay. The highest phytase activity was observed in the bacterial strains LF1 and LH1 isolated from the fore and the hindgut regions of rohu respectively. Both the strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis.

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The modified TGC models produced a better fit of the growth trajectory of the fish on the commercial farm across production stages compared with other growth models (specific growth rate, linear model).

45 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a microbial phytase derived from Aspergillus niger on growth, body mineralization, phosphorus retention and phosphorus excretion were investigated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

130 citations


"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The enhanced lipid and dry matter contents were probably caused by the inhibition of the b-oxidation of fatty acids resulting from a deficiency of P (Schäfer et al. 1995)....

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  • ...…cultured species, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Rodehutscord & Pfeffer 1995; Forster et al. 1999), common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Schäfer et al. 1995), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Jackson et al.1996;Li&Robinson1997) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Furuya et…...

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  • ...The enhanced lipid and dry matter contents were probably caused by the inhibition of the b-oxidation of fatty acids resulting from a deficiency of P (Schäfer et al. 1995)....

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  • ...Schäfer et al. (1995) suggested that diets mainly based on plant proteins such as soybean meal have high contents of phytic acid, and the supplementation of phytase at levels of either 500 or 1000 U kg)1 can replace 1.9 g P from MCP. Phytase also increased deposition of P in the whole fish body,…...

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  • ...) (Schäfer et al. 1995), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Jackson et al....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that rapeseed protein concentrate can comprise 39% of the dietary protein (fish meal only 11%) for rainbow trout without adversely affecting performance.

130 citations


"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Similarly, dephytinizationof soyprotein concentrate increased protein and P utilization in Atlantic salmon in seawater (Storebakken et al. 1998), whereas a decrease in rapeseed protein quality by dephytinization was noted by Teskeredzic et al. (1995) in rainbow trout....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results from these experiments indicate that phytase supplementation of at least 1,000 PU/kg is adequate to maintain growth rate and health comparable to an inorganic P supplemented diet, and bioavailability and utilization of P is increased with increasing phyt enzyme supplementation.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of phytase on growth, apparent phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) absorption, and apparent protein digestibility by striped bass Morone saxatills fed a high phytate diet. In experiment one, four diets with graded levels of phytase supplementation, 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 phytase units/kg of diet (PUkg), and a diet supplemented with inorganic P (positive control, total P, 0.73%; phytin P, 0.35%) were assigned to duplicate tanks, and were fed to fingerling striped bass for 16 wk. A digestibility trial was conducted at weeks 16–18, using 0.5% Cr2O3 as an indigestible marker in the diets. Phytase was sprayed post-extrusion on the basal diet (P-total, 0.58%; P-phytin, 0.35%). Experiment two consisted of a 2-wk digestibility trial with three treatments: 0 (basal; total P, 0.73%; phytin P, 0.34%), 1,000, and 2,000 PU/kg, assigned to four, three and three replicate tanks respectively. Each tank contained an average of 20 striped bass (mean weight: 400 9). The diet used was similar to the basal in experiment one, which was modified to have low essential trace mineral concentrations, in order to increase the sensitivity of the assay. In experiment one, significant improvements (P≤ 0.05) in growth, feed conversion ratios, and vertebral and scale ash concentrations of fish at the end of the experiment were achieved with either added inorganic P or increasing phytase supplementations. Results from both digestibility trials indicated that P absorption was improved with the addition of at least 500 PUkg. Absorptions of Ca and Fe were significantly increased (P≤ 0.05) and Zn absorption marginally improved (P≤ 0.06) when at least 2,000 PU/kg was supplemented to the diet. Protein digestibility, Mg and Cu absorption were not significantly different in any treatment. Whole carcass P retention was significantly improved with the addition of 1,000 PU/kg, and 2,000 PU/kg, when compared to fish fed the basal diet, 500 PU/kg and positive control treatments. Results from these experiments indicate that phytase supplementation of at least 1,000 PU/kg is adequate to maintain growth rate and health comparable to an inorganic P supplemented diet. In addition, bioavailability and utilization of P is increased with increasing phytase supplementation. Diet supplementation of 2,000 PU/kg increased Ca, Fe, and Zn digestibility by striped bass fed a high phytate diet.

126 citations


"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Growth improvement was also observed in rainbow trout fed phytase-supplemented diets (Rodehutscord & Pfeffer 1995; Papatryphon et al. 1999), and salmon and rainbow trout fed the diets with phytase pretreated ingredients (Cain & Garling 1995; Vielma et al. 2002)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that supplementation of phytase can improve the apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus in Korean rockfish and had no influence on growth performance and whole body composition of fish.

125 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of dietary phytase enzyme treatment and increasing ration on growth, body composition, nutrient digestibility and retention and phosphorus release in effluent water were studied in rainbow trout.

120 citations


"Effects of pretreatment with microb..." refers background or result in this paper

  • ...According to the inflexion calculation of curves (Lanari et al. 1998; Jiang et al. 2006), the dose of 1000 U kg)1 was determined as the most cost effective dose....

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  • ...1996; Li & Robinson 1997), while other studies detected no effects for the same species (Lanari et al. 1998;Yan &Reigh 2002)....

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  • ...…found that addition of phytase had positive effects onweight gain of rainbow trout (Rodehutscord & Pfeffer 1995; Vielma et al. 1998) and channel catfish (Jackson et al. 1996; Li & Robinson 1997), while other studies detected no effects for the same species (Lanari et al. 1998;Yan &Reigh 2002)....

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  • ...According to the inflexion calculation of curves (Lanari et al. 1998; Jiang et al. 2006), the dose of 1000 U kg was determined as the most cost effective dose....

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  • ...Similar results have also been reported in salmon (Cain & Garling 1995) and rainbow trout (Lanari et al. 1998; Sugiura et al. 2001) fed soybean meal based diets....

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