Effects of Supplementary Levels of Deep-stacked Broiler Litter on Digestibility, Dry Matter Intake, and Nitrogen Balance by Male Spotted Deer(Cervus Nippon)
01 Jan 2003-Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology)-Vol. 45, Iss: 1, pp 79-86
TL;DR: It is suggested that up to 30% of broiler litter may be fed to male deer without deleterious effects on deer performance.
Abstract: To determine nutritive value and suitability of deep-stacked broiler litter for deer, the influence of supplementary levels of broiler litter on digestibility, dry matter intake, and nitrogen balance was investigated in male spotted deer ( Cervus nippon ) fed a commercial mixed(complete) ration. The deep-stacked and ground broiler litter was supplemented at the level of 0%(Control), 15%(T1) and 30%(T2) on the basis of fresh matter to the mixed ration. All treatments had similar palatability at about 3% body weight of dry matter intake. Dry matter digestibility was highest in Control and lowest in T2(P<0.05). Digestibility of crude protein was lowest(P<0.05) in T2. Dry matter and digestible dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. Daily body weight gain was not affected by treatments. Feeding 15 or 30% of broiler litter to male deer resulted in similar nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen excretion and daily nitrogen retention(g/d), compared with feeding Control. These results suggest that up to 30% of broiler litter may be fed to male deer without deleterious effects on deer performance. (
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted a search and review of contemporary scientific publications from open sources, including publications and data from Internet portals, Web of Science, Scopus scientometric databases, websites of patent offices, libraries, and reading rooms.
Abstract: Animal waste can serve as a raw material source for feed preparation, and can also be used, after appropriate processing, as fuel, fertilizer, biogas, and other useful products. In addition, the practical use of these wastes eliminates their mandatory disposal. Recycling animal waste is a feature of the circular economy, leading to environmental sustainability. In this regard, we conducted a search and review of contemporary scientific publications from open sources, including publications and data from Internet portals, Web of Science, Scopus scientometric databases, websites of patent offices, libraries, and reading rooms. It has been found that animal by-products are desirable for use in combination with vegetable protein sources. The 15 most relevant types of animal waste and their use are indicated based on current scientific publications. Moreover, 13 types of feed of animal origin, along with their purposes and descriptions, are also identified. Current scientific publications and research on the processing of insects into feed; the use of bird droppings, meat, and bone and bone meal; and the processing of seafood waste, bird waste, and eggshells are reviewed. As a result, firstly, the most important types of technological equipment involved in animal waste processing technologies, particularly devices for drying, grinding, and mixing, are analyzed and discussed. Secondly, technologies for processing waste into useful products of animal origin are analyzed and discussed.
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TL;DR: Most common dietary responses in metabolite uptake by PDV are changes in uptake of ammonia and volatile fatty acids, which emphasize the strong energy: nitrogen interrelationship in the rumen and subsequently the rest of the body.
Abstract: Major functions of portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of cattle include absorption of digestion products and modification of the body's supply of intermediary metabolites. The disproportionately high metabolic rate of PDV and liver (7-13% of body tissues) is exemplified by their oxygen uptake (40-50% of whole body). Extensive metabolism of glucose, volatile fatty acids and amino acids by PDV modulates nutrient supply from the diet such that most responses to diet or physiological state are a function of level of diet intake. Similarly, blood flow through PDV is highly correlated with energy intake across a range of body weight, physiological state or diet composition. Most common dietary responses in metabolite uptake by PDV are changes in uptake of ammonia and volatile fatty acids, which emphasize the strong energy: nitrogen interrelationship in the rumen and subsequently the rest of the body. The liver (tissue in series with PDV) removes glucose precursors and ammonia from its blood supply as part of its functions in gluconeogenesis, ammonia detoxification and urea synthesis. The liver also alters amounts and proportions of amino acids supplied by PDV. Accountable percentages of metabolizable energy from net PDV supply include: organic acids, 41-59%; amino acids, 5-13%; and heat energy (from oxygen uptake), 11-22%.
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...특히 많은 질소를 함유한 육계분 속의 질소화합물은 반추위 내에 서 분해가 전형적으로 광범위하고 빠르게 진행 되며 가용성 탄수화물의 함량이 적기 때문에 질소이용 효율이 낮아지며(Patil 등, 1995; Fontenot, 1990) 과도한 반추위내 암모니아 농도로 인해 뇨로 배출되는 질소의 양도 증가하고 그 로 인해 간장에서의 요소합성을 위해 소비하는 에너지도 많아진다는(Huntington, 1990) 연구결 과들이 보고되고 있다....
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