Effects of toxic concentrations of natrium fluoride on growth and enzyme activities of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.) seedlings
TL;DR: Germination was increasingly inhibited at concentrations above 5 and 20 mM and stopped altogether at 80 and 50 mM NaF in rice and jute respectively, whereas the inhibition of seedling growth began at much lower concentrations.
Abstract: Germination was increasingly inhibited at concentrations above 5 and 20 mM and stopped altogether at 80 and 50 mM NaF in rice and jute respectively, whereas the inhibition of seedling growth began at much lower concentrations. Of the enzymes, RNase activity was increased by fluoride, while α-amylase, protease, phytase and ATPase activities exhibited distinct inhibition from the control.
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a rice crop establishment method from transplanting to direct wet or dry seeding is adopted as it requires less labour and time and comparatively less energy than transplanting.
Abstract: Farmers in South-east Asia are adopting rice crop establishment methods from transplanting to direct wet or dry seeding as it requires less labour and time and comparatively less energy than transplanting. In contrast to irrigated condition, in rainfed lowland, direct seeding is a common practice. Early flooding controls weeds but decreases seedling establishment in direct seeded rice. Anaerobic germination is an important trait to counteract damages caused by early flooding. Management options which can help in crop establishment and improve crop growth under flooding could remove the constraints related to direct seeding. The investigation was carried out with two near isogenic lines Swarna and Swarna- Sub1. Swarna-Sub1 is tolerant to submergence whereas Swarna is susceptible. Seed priming was done with water and 2% Jamun (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract. Seed priming improved seedling establishment under flooding. Acceleration of growth occurred due to seed pretreatment, which resulted longer seedling and greater accumulation of biomass. Seed priming greatly hastened the activities of total amylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in variety Swarna-Sub1 than Swarna. Swarna-Sub1 outperformed Swarna when the plants were cultivated under flooding. Weed biomass decreased significantly under flooding compared to non-flooding condition. Priming had positive effects on yield and yield attributing parameters both under non-flooding and early flooding conditions.
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...Then they were diluted to 25 mL and the optical density of the solution was measured at 560 nm. Amylase activity was expressed in terms of 1 µg of maltose released per min per mg protein (Sarkar et al, 1982)....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In his Friday evening discourse at the Royal Institution on November 3, Sir Arthur Hill discussed the many ingenious devices for the protection of the seed and equally ingenious arrangements for the escape of the embryo on germination, which are found in plants.
Abstract: Provides a comprehensive overview of the physiology, biochemistry and ecology of the process of seed germination. This revised edition includes extended coverage of the influence of molecular biology on seed science and a new chapter on seed technology and propagation.
1,083 citations
Book•
01 Jun 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of air pollution both individually and synergistically on the higher and lower plant groups are discussed from the subcellular level to entire ecosystems, and cover anatomy, pathology and biochemistry of plants in relation to air pollution.
Abstract: This volume details the effects of air pollutants both individually and synergistically on the higher and lower plant groups. Discussions range from the subcellular level to entire ecosystems, and cover anatomy, pathology and biochemistry of plants in relation to air pollution. Sources and costs of air pollution are overviewed, as are the mechanisms of injury. SO/sub 2/, ozone, fluorides, PAN, nitrogen oxides and particulates are all treated in detail. Interactive and system-level effects are also discussed. There are 14 chapters for which analytics have been done.
270 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The nature of the pre-quiescence embryo bears very heavily on early germination behaviour and its control, and answers to questions relating to Germination behaviour are increasingly being sought during the period of seed development.
Abstract: Knowledge of the mature seed and its germination is of importance in the study of seed formation Indeed, embryogeny and germination are extensions of each other separated by a period of relative metabolic inactivity called quiescence, and are essentially different phases of the continuing process of embryo growth and development Obviously, the nature of the pre-quiescence embryo bears very heavily on early germination behaviour and its control, and answers to questions relating to germination behaviour are increasingly being sought during the period of seed development
204 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Satellites can give farmers, scientists and policy makers important knowledge of how air quality affects food security, enabling more informed decision-making to ensure access to food resources.
Abstract: As shown in an early field study in the 1970s, ozone-sensitive varieties of potatoes (left rows) show reduced growth and lower yields than ozone-tolerant varieties (right rows). While its effects are often overlooked, air pollution negatively impacts crops around the world, resulting in significant economic losses, with the greatest economic loss occurring in the United States. Satellites can give farmers, scientists and policy makers important knowledge of how air quality affects food security, enabling more informed decision-making to ensure access to food resources.
140 citations
TL;DR: The results provide a relatively complete description of the over-all aspects of phosphorus metabolism associated with germination of oats.
Abstract: An investigation has been made of the changes in the major phosphorus containing substances in Avena sativa during the first 8 days of dark germination. The endosperm, roots, and shoots were analyzed separately for acid soluble-P, phytic acid-P, inorganic-P, lipid-P, nucleic acid-P, and protein-P. Phytic acid-P comprised 53% of the total seed phosphate, while the sum of lipid-P, nucleic acid-P and protein-P comprised 27% of the seed phosphate. All these reserve phosphate materials were mobilized and transferred to the developing axis. The phosphate from phytic acid appeared almost entirely as inorganic-P in the roots and shoots. A close stoichiometry existed between the rate of loss of nucleic acid-P from the endosperm and its rate of appearance in the roots and shoots. Thus no net synthesis of nucleic acid occurred during the 8-day period examined. The rate of synthesis of lipid-P in the roots and shoots exceeded its rate of disappearance from the endosperm during the first 4 days of germination. Protein-P increased in the roots and shoots during germination, but at a rate less than its rate of disappearance from the endosperm. The results provide a relatively complete description of the over-all aspects of phosphorus metabolism associated with germination of oats.
97 citations