Effects on sleep disturbance of changes in aircraft noise near three airports.
21 Apr 2000-Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (Acoustical Society of America)-Vol. 107, Iss: 5, pp 2535-2547
TL;DR: No major differences in noise-induced sleep disturbance were observed as a function of changes in nighttime aircraft noise exposure and similar methods of measuring nighttime noise levels and sleep disturbance in the two studies were maintained.
Abstract: Field measurements were conducted of potential sleep disturbance associated with changes in nighttime aircraft noise exposure near three airports. One study was conducted near Stapleton International Airport (DEN) and Denver International Airport (DIA) in anticipation of the closure of the former and opening of the latter. Sleep behavior was monitored in 57 homes located near runway ends at the two airports. A second study was conducted in the vicinity of DeKalb-Peachtree Airport (PDK), a large general aviation airport that expected increased nighttime flight operations due to the Olympic Games in July and August of 1996. Similar methods of measuring nighttime noise levels and sleep disturbance in the two studies were maintained over the course of 2717 and 686 subject-nights of observations, respectively. No major differences in noise-induced sleep disturbance were observed as a function of changes in nighttime aircraft noise exposure.
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TL;DR: Based on the available evidence, transportation noise affects objectively measured sleep physiology and subjectively assessed sleep disturbance in adults and for children’s sleep.
Abstract: To evaluate the quality of available evidence on the effects of environmental noise exposure on sleep a systematic review was conducted. The databases PSYCINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and the TNO Repository were searched for non-laboratory studies on the effects of environmental noise on sleep with measured or predicted noise levels and published in or after the year 2000. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Seventy four studies predominately conducted between 2000 and 2015 were included in the review. A meta-analysis of surveys linking road, rail, and aircraft noise exposure to self-reports of sleep disturbance was conducted. The odds ratio for the percent highly sleep disturbed for a 10 dB increase in Lnight was significant for aircraft (1.94; 95% CI 1.61–2.3), road (2.13; 95% CI 1.82–2.48), and rail (3.06; 95% CI 2.38–3.93) noise when the question referred to noise, but non-significant for aircraft (1.17; 95% CI 0.54–2.53), road (1.09; 95% CI 0.94–1.27), and rail (1.27; 95% CI 0.89–1.81) noise when the question did not refer to noise. A pooled analysis of polysomnographic studies on the acute effects of transportation noise on sleep was also conducted and the unadjusted odds ratio for the probability of awakening for a 10 dBA increase in the indoor Lmax was significant for aircraft (1.35; 95% CI 1.22–1.50), road (1.36; 95% CI 1.19–1.55), and rail (1.35; 95% CI 1.21–1.52) noise. Due to a limited number of studies and the use of different outcome measures, a narrative review only was conducted for motility, cardiac and blood pressure outcomes, and for children’s sleep. The effect of wind turbine and hospital noise on sleep was also assessed. Based on the available evidence, transportation noise affects objectively measured sleep physiology and subjectively assessed sleep disturbance in adults. For other outcome measures and noise sources the examined evidence was conflicting or only emerging. According to GRADE criteria, the quality of the evidence was moderate for cortical awakenings and self-reported sleep disturbance (for questions that referred to noise) induced by traffic noise, low for motility measures of traffic noise induced sleep disturbance, and very low for all other noise sources and investigated sleep outcomes.
352 citations
TL;DR: Until decision makers include robust, long term evaluations as part of their design and implementation of events, it is unclear how the costs of major multi-sport events can be justified in terms of benefits to the host population.
Abstract: Objective To assess the effects of major multi-sport events on health and socioeconomic determinants of health in the population of the city hosting the event.
Design Systematic review.
Data sources We searched the following sources without language restrictions for papers published between 1978 and 2008: Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), British Humanities Index (BHI), Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Econlit database, Embase, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) database, Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC) database, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Medline, PreMedline, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Sportdiscus, Web of Knowledge, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, and the grey literature.
Review methods Studies of any design that assessed the health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events on the host population were included. We excluded studies that used exclusively estimated data rather than actual data, that investigated host population support for an event or media portrayals of host cities, or that described new physical infrastructure. Studies were selected and critically appraised by two independent reviewers.
Results Fifty four studies were included. Study quality was poor, with 69% of studies using a repeat cross-sectional design and 85% of quantitative studies assessed as being below 2+ on the Health Development Agency appraisal scale, often because of a lack of comparison group. Five studies, each with a high risk of bias, reported health related outcomes, which were suicide, paediatric health service demand, presentations for asthma in children (two studies), and problems related to illicit drug use. Overall, the data did not indicate clear negative or positive health impacts of major multi-sport events on host populations. The most frequently reported outcomes were economic outcomes (18 studies). The outcomes used were similar enough to allow us to perform a narrative synthesis, but the overall impact of major multi-sport events on economic growth and employment was unclear. Two thirds of the economic studies reported increased economic growth or employment immediately after the event, but all these studies used some estimated data in their models, failed to account for opportunity costs, or examined only short term effects. Outcomes for transport were also similar enough to allow synthesis of six of the eight studies, which showed that event related interventions—including restricted car use and public transport promotion—were associated with significant short term reductions in traffic volume, congestion, or pollution in four out of five cities.
Conclusions The available evidence is not sufficient to confirm or refute expectations about the health or socioeconomic benefits for the host population of previous major multi-sport events. Future events such as the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, or the 2014 Commonwealth Games, cannot be expected to automatically provide benefits. Until decision makers include robust, long term evaluations as part of their design and implementation of events, it is unclear how the costs of major multi-sport events can be justified in terms of benefits to the host population.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a review and systematization of noise effects modeling and findings, which can be used in noise abatement policy to find the best practical ways of reducing noise induced effects through the reduction of noise exposure.
Abstract: Because effects of environmental noise do not require extremely high or long exposures, they occur, with different degrees of intensity, in a substantial part of the world population, especially in areas with a dense population and dense transportation networks. As a consequence, noise is a global issue that continues to detract from sustainable development. This article attempts to contribute to evidence-based noise policies by providing a review and systematization of noise-effects modeling and findings. The results presented can be used in noise abatement policy to find the best practical ways of reducing noise-induced effects through the reduction of noise exposure. At present, it is possible to calculate noise maps showing the exposures to noise in residential areas. With the relationships between exposure and effects as presented here, these can be translated into estimates of the number of people affected. Estimates of effects can be made on the basis of existing noise exposures, but also on the basis of scenarios for future noise levels, so that the consequences of different scenarios can be explored and decisions with respect to noise abatement measures can be optimized. Such an evidence-based approach may be instrumental in reducing the worldwide burden of environmental noise.
124 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that many of the interventions were associated with changes in health outcomes irrespective of the source type, the outcome or intervention type (source, path or infrastructure), and the expected effect-size can be estimated from an appropriate exposure–response function.
Abstract: This paper describes a systematic review (1980-2014) of evidence on effects of transport noise interventions on human health. The sources are road traffic, railways, and air traffic. Health outcomes include sleep disturbance, annoyance, cognitive impairment of children and cardiovascular diseases. A conceptual framework to classify noise interventions and health effects was developed. Evidence was thinly spread across source types, outcomes, and intervention types. Further, diverse intervention study designs, methods of analyses, exposure levels, and changes in exposure do not allow a meta-analysis of the association between changes in noise level and health outcomes, and risk of bias in most studies was high. However, 43 individual transport noise intervention studies were examined (33 road traffic; 7 air traffic; 3 rail) as to whether the intervention was associated with a change in health outcome. Results showed that many of the interventions were associated with changes in health outcomes irrespective of the source type, the outcome or intervention type (source, path or infrastructure). For road traffic sources and the annoyance outcome, the expected effect-size can be estimated from an appropriate exposure-response function, though the change in annoyance in most studies was larger than could be expected based on noise level change.
113 citations
Cites background from "Effects on sleep disturbance of cha..."
...(2000) [74] This study investigated the effect of changes at three airports (One airport closing, another opening, and thirdly including temporary changes during the Olympic Games....
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TL;DR: Annoyance as a reaction indicator should be evaluated with caution as non-acoustical factors play an important role in annoyance ratings, and technical interventions reducing noise levels may not have impacts on annoyance proportionate to their impacts on sound levels.
109 citations
Cites background from "Effects on sleep disturbance of cha..."
...The time span in which the reactions were measured before the change in noise exposure varied from 2 to 3 weeks (Fidell et al., 2000) to 3 years (Hume et al., 2004)....
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...In contrary, Fidell et al. (2000) did not find a significant effect of increased and decreased maximum aircraft noise levels on some sleep parameters....
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...The time span in which the reactions were measured before the change in noise exposure varied from 2 to 3 weeks (Fidell et al., 2000) to 3 years (Hume et al....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed and validated automatic scoring methods to distinguish sleep from wakefulness based on wrist activity using wrist actigraphs during overnight polysomnography, which provided valuable information about sleep and wakefulness that could be useful in both clinical and research applications.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate automatic scoring methods to distinguish sleep from wakefulness based on wrist activity. Forty-one subjects (18 normals and 23 with sleep or psychiatric disorders) wore a wrist actigraph during overnight polysomnography. In a randomly selected subsample of 20 subjects, candidate sleep/wake prediction algorithms were iteratively optimized against standard sleep/wake scores. The optimal algorithms obtained for various data collection epoch lengths were then prospectively tested on the remaining 21 subjects. The final algorithms correctly distinguished sleep from wakefulness approximately 88% of the time. Actigraphic sleep percentage and sleep latency estimates correlated 0.82 and 0.90, respectively, with corresponding parameters scored from the polysomnogram (p < 0.0001). Automatic scoring of wrist activity provides valuable information about sleep and wakefulness that could be useful in both clinical and research applications.
1,556 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of noise on sleep were reanalyzed in an effort to develop a quantitative dosage-response relationship, and large and systematic differences in sleep disturbance were observed between the findings of studies conducted in laboratory and in field settings.
Abstract: The findings of 21 studies of the effects of noise on sleep were reanalyzed in an effort to develop a quantitative dosage‐response relationship. Large and systematic differences in sleep disturbance were observed between the findings of studies conducted in laboratory and in field settings. The influence of noise on sleep was also found to depend on additional factors such as the nature of noise and response metrics, noise source, background noise level, length of study, and sex of test participants. No reliable quantitative model for sleep disturbance could be developed from the studies reviewed.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that sound exposure levels of individual noise intrusions were much more closely associated with awakenings than long-term noise exposure levels, and the slope of the relationship between awakening and sound exposure level was rather shallow.
Abstract: Behaviorally confirmed awakenings were recorded during nighttime hours for periods of approximately one month in 45 homes of 82 test participants. Measurements of awakening and of both indoor and outdoor noise exposure were made for a total of 632 subject nights near a military airfield, 783 subject nights near a civil airport, and 472 subject nights in neighborhoods with community noise exposure of nonaircraft origin. Sound exposure levels of individual noise intrusions were much more closely associated with awakenings than long‐term noise exposure levels. The slope of the relationship between awakening and sound exposure level was rather shallow, however. Although the present findings do not resemble those of laboratory studies of noise‐induced sleep interference, they are in good agreement with the results of other field studies.
71 citations
"Effects on sleep disturbance of cha..." refers background in this paper
...The findings of recent large-sc field studies~e.g., those of Ollerheadet al., 1992; and of Fidell et al., 1995a! cast doubt on the likelihood of advers public health consequences of familiar nighttime aircr noise exposure of adapted populations residing in airp neighborhoods....
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...In prior studies~e.g., Fidell et al., 1995a, 1995!, a 2-s minimum was established for definition of noise event....
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01 Dec 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a large-scale field study of noise-induced sleep disturbance was conducted in the vicinities of Stapleton International Airport (DEN) and DIA in anticipation of the closure of the former and opening of the latter.
Abstract: A large-scale field study of noise-induced sleep disturbance was conducted in the vicinities of Stapleton International Airport (DEN) and Denver International Airport (DIA) in anticipation of the closure of the former and opening of the latter. Both indoor and outdoor measurements of aircraft and other nighttime noises were made during four time periods. Measurements were made in 57 homes located as close as feasible to the runway ends of the two airports. Sleep disturbance was measured by several indices of behaviorally confirmed awakening (button pushes upon awakening) and body movement (as measured with wrist-worn actimeters). A total of 2717 subject-nights of observations were made over the course of the study. Although average noise event levels measured outdoors decreased markedly at DEN after closure of the airport and increased slightly at DIA after its opening, indoor noise event levels varied much less in homes near both airports. No large differences were observed in noise-induced sleep disturbance at either airport. Indoor sound exposure levels of noise events were, however, closely related to and good predictors of actimetrically defined motility and arousal.
24 citations
"Effects on sleep disturbance of cha..." refers background in this paper
...The findings of recent large-sc field studies~e.g., those of Ollerheadet al., 1992; and of Fidell et al., 1995a! cast doubt on the likelihood of advers public health consequences of familiar nighttime aircr noise exposure of adapted populations residing in airp neighborhoods....
[...]
...In prior studies~e.g., Fidell et al., 1995a, 1995!, a 2-s minimum was established for definition of noise event....
[...]
01 Mar 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a field study of habituation to aircraft noise-induced sleep disturbance was conducted near DeKalb-Peachtree Airport (PDK), a large general aviation airport north of Atlanta, Georgia.
Abstract: : A field study of habituation to aircraft noise-induced sleep disturbance was conducted near DeKalb-Peachtree Airport (PDK), a large general aviation airport north of Atlanta, Georgia. Increased aircraft operations were expected in nighttime hours due to the Olympic Games in Atlanta in July/August 1996. Indoor and outdoor measurements of aircraft and other nighttime noises were made in 12 homes in a community north of PDK for a period of approximately 6 weeks, beginning 2-1/2 weeks prior to the Olympics and ending one week after their conclusion. Sleep disturbance information suitable for analysis was measured during 686 subject-nights by self-report, behaviorally-confirmed awakening (button pushes upon awakening) and sleep motility (via a wrist-worn recording accelerometer). No major differences were noted in sleep disturbance during or after the Olympics. Inclusion of data from all time periods with results of prior studies did not affect a prior dosage-response relationship between awakening and sound exposure level. A subsequent study involving an additional 117 subject-nights was undertaken to compare the sensitivity and interpretability of sleep motility measurements made in analysis epochs ranging from 2 to 30 seconds in duration. The pattern of findings of the methodological study revealed little benefit of analyzing motility measurements in short duration epochs.
11 citations