Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Influenza vaccines can provide moderate protection against virologically confirmed influenza, but such protection is greatly reduced or absent in some seasons.Abstract:
Summary Background No published meta-analyses have assessed efficacy and effectiveness of licensed influenza vaccines in the USA with sensitive and highly specific diagnostic tests to confirm influenza. Methods We searched Medline for randomised controlled trials assessing a relative reduction in influenza risk of all circulating influenza viruses during individual seasons after vaccination (efficacy) and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria (effectiveness). Eligible articles were published between Jan 1, 1967, and Feb 15, 2011, and used RT-PCR or culture for confirmation of influenza. We excluded some studies on the basis of study design and vaccine characteristics. We estimated random-effects pooled efficacy for trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) when data were available for statistical analysis (eg, at least three studies that assessed comparable age groups). Findings We screened 5707 articles and identified 31 eligible studies (17 randomised controlled trials and 14 observational studies). Efficacy of TIV was shown in eight (67%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 59% [95% CI 51–67] in adults aged 18–65 years). No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 2–17 years or adults aged 65 years or older. Efficacy of LAIV was shown in nine (75%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 83% [69–91]) in children aged 6 months to 7 years. No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 8–17 years. Vaccine effectiveness was variable for seasonal influenza: six (35%) of 17 analyses in nine studies showed significant protection against medically attended influenza in the outpatient or inpatient setting. Median monovalent pandemic H1N1 vaccine effectiveness in five observational studies was 69% (range 60–93). Interpretation Influenza vaccines can provide moderate protection against virologically confirmed influenza, but such protection is greatly reduced or absent in some seasons. Evidence for protection in adults aged 65 years or older is lacking. LAIVs consistently show highest efficacy in young children (aged 6 months to 7 years). New vaccines with improved clinical efficacy and effectiveness are needed to further reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Funding Alfred P Sloan Foundation.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.
Lindsey R. Baden,Hana M. El Sahly,Brandon Essink,Karen L. Kotloff,Sharon E. Frey,Rick Novak,David Diemert,Stephen A. Spector,Nadine Rouphael,C. Buddy Creech,John W McGettigan,Shishir Khetan,Nathan Segall,Joel Solis,Adam Brosz,Carlos Fierro,Howard J. Schwartz,Kathleen M. Neuzil,Lawrence Corey,Peter B. Gilbert,Holly Janes,Dean Follmann,Mary A. Marovich,John R. Mascola,Laura Polakowski,Julie E. Ledgerwood,Barney S. Graham,Hamilton Bennett,Rolando Pajon,Conor Knightly,Brett Leav,Weiping Deng,Honghong Zhou,Shu Liang Han,Melanie Ivarsson,Jacqueline Miller,Tal Z Zaks +36 more
TL;DR: The mRNA-1273 vaccine as discussed by the authors is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the prefusion stabilized full-length spike protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Covid-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2020-21 Influenza Season.
Lisa A. Grohskopf,Leslie Z. Sokolow,Leslie Z. Sokolow,Sonja J. Olsen,Joseph S. Bresee,Karen R. Broder,Ruth A. Karron +6 more
TL;DR: This report updates the 2017–18 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines in the United States and focuses on the recommendations for use of vaccines for the prevention and control of influenza during the 2018–19 season.
Reference EntryDOI
Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults
TL;DR: This review presents findings from 25 studies comparing inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine against placebo or do-nothing control groups as the most relevant to decision-making over single influenza seasons in North America, South America, and Europe between 1969 and 2009.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical physics of vaccination
Zhen Wang,Zhen Wang,Chris T. Bauch,Samit Bhattacharyya,Alberto d’Onofrio,Piero Manfredi,Matjaz Perc,Nicola Perra,Marcel Salathé,Dawei Zhao +9 more
TL;DR: This report reviews the developmental arc of theoretical epidemiology with emphasis on vaccination, as it led from classical models assuming homogeneously mixing populations and ignoring human behavior, to recent models that account for behavioral feedback and/or population spatial/social structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Barriers of Influenza Vaccination Intention and Behavior – A Systematic Review of Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy, 2005 – 2016
TL;DR: Many different psychological, contextual, sociodemographic and physical barriers that are specific to certain risk groups were identified and map knowledge gaps in understanding influenza vaccine hesitancy to derive directions for further research and inform interventions in this area.
References
More filters
Book
An introduction to categorical data analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tour of categorical data analysis for Contingency Tables and Logit and Loglinear models for contingency tables, as well as generalized linear models for Matched Pairs.
A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial
TL;DR: The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the antiviral drug amantadine for the treatment of hepatitis C in those who had either previously failed interferon therapy or were not candidates for interferons.
Journal Article
Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009.
Anthony E. Fiore,Timothy M. Uyeki,Karen R. Broder,Lyn Finelli,Gary L. Euler,James A. Singleton,John K. Iskander,Pascale M. Wortley,David K. Shay,Joseph S. Bresee,Nancy J. Cox +10 more
TL;DR: This report updates the 2008 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza and includes a summary of safety data for U.S. licensed influenza vaccines.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Efficacy of Live Attenuated, Cold-Adapted, Trivalent, Intranasal Influenzavirus Vaccine in Children
Robert B. Belshe,Paul M. Mendelman,John J. Treanor,James C. King,William C. Gruber,Pedro A. Piedra,David I. Bernstein,Frederick G. Hayden,Karen L. Kotloff,Kenneth M. Zangwill,Dominick Iacuzio,Mark Wolff +11 more
TL;DR: A live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent influenzavirus vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and effective against influenza A(H3N2) and B in healthy children.
Reference EntryDOI
Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults
TL;DR: This review presents findings from 25 studies comparing inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine against placebo or do-nothing control groups as the most relevant to decision-making over single influenza seasons in North America, South America, and Europe between 1969 and 2009.