Efficacy of external and internal visual imagery perspectives for the enhancement of performance on tasks in which form is important.
01 Jun 1999-Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (Human Kinetics, Inc.)-Vol. 21, Iss: 2, pp 95-112
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative efficacy of different imagery perspectives on the performance of tasks in which form was important was examined, and it was found that external visual imagery was significantly more effective than internal visual imagery, which was also significantly more useful than stretching.
Abstract: Three experiments examined the relative efficacy of different imagery perspectives on the performance of tasks in which form was important. In Experiment 1,25 experienced karateists learned a new kata using either external or internal visual imagery or stretching. Results indicated that external visual imagery was significantly more effective than internal visual imagery, which was significantly more effective than stretching. In Experiment 2, 40 sport science students learned a simple gymnastics floor routine under one of four conditions: external or internal visual imagery with or without kinesthetic imagery. Results revealed a significant main effect for visual imagery perspective (external visual imagery was best) but no effect for kinesthetic imagery. Experiment 3 employed the same paradigm as Experiment 2 but with high-ability rock climbers performing difficult boulder problems. Results showed significant main effects for both visual imagery perspective (external visual imagery was best) and kinesth...
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05 Dec 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between perception, memory, and reasoning in the development of a person's emotional and cognitive development, and conclude that "emotion and consciousness" are the most important factors in human development.
Abstract: Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Bodies and persons 3. Perception and action 4. Concepts 5. Imagery, memory, and reasoning 6. Language and communication 7. Cognitive development 8. Emotion and consciousness 9. Conclusion.
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TL;DR: Findings support the notion that mental training procedures can be applied as a therapeutic tool in rehabilitation and in applications for power training.
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Cites background from "Efficacy of external and internal v..."
...For example, one study found learning and retention effects for kinesthetic feedback for a rock-climbing task (Hardy and Callow, 1999)....
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...But it has also to be noted that kinesthetic imagery can be associated with different visual perspectives (Hardy and Callow, 1999; White and Hardy, 1995)....
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TL;DR: In this article, an evidence-based, 7-point checklist that includes: physical, environmental, task, timing, learning, emotional, and perspective elements of imagery delivery highlighting the minimum requirement areas in which sport psyc...
Abstract: This paper supports the contention that the brain stores memories in the form of a central representation that is accessed by both physical preparation and execution and, more importantly, by motor imagery associated with this preparation and execution. Considerable evidence in support of shared central and vegetative structures suggests that sport psychologists should consider more closely aspects of the performer's responses to the physical skill when providing imagery interventions and not rely on “traditional,” more clinically orientated, methods of delivery. Many texts provide a schedule of factors and techniques for psychologists, athletes, and coaches to consider but with a limited theoretical explanation of why these factors are the crucial concerns. We, therefore, propose an evidence-based, 7-point checklist that includes: physical, environmental, task, timing, learning, emotional, and perspective elements of imagery delivery highlighting the minimum requirement areas in which sport psyc...
558 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this update is to synthesize the relevant literature about motor imagery in order to facilitate its integration into physical therapist practice and potential applications of motor imagery.
Abstract: Motor imagery is the mental representation of movement without any body movement. Abundant evidence on the positive effects of motor imagery practice on motor performance and learning in athletes, people who are healthy, and people with neurological conditions (eg, stroke, spinal cord injury, Parkinson disease) has been published. The purpose of this update is to synthesize the relevant literature about motor imagery in order to facilitate its integration into physical therapist practice. This update also will discuss visual and kinesthetic motor imagery, factors that modify motor imagery practice, the design of motor imagery protocols, and potential applications of motor imagery.
319 citations
TL;DR: The results of the 3 studies provide preliminary support for the revised VMIQ-2 as a psychometrically valid questionnaire.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to amend the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ; Isaac, Marks, & Russell, 1986) in line with contemporary imagery modality and perspective conceptualizations, and to test the validity of the amended questionnaire (i.e., the VMIQ-2). Study 1 had 351 athletes complete the 3-factor (internal visual imagery, external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery) 24-item VMIQ-2. Following single-factor confirmatory factor analyses and item deletion, a 12-item version was subject to correlated traits / correlated uniqueness (CTCU) analysis. An acceptable fit was revealed. Study 2 used a different sample of 355 athletes. The CTCU analysis confirmed the factorial validity of the 12-item VMIQ-2. In Study 3, the concurrent and construct validity of the VMIQ-2 was supported. Taken together, the results of the 3 studies provide preliminary support for the revised VMIQ-2 as a psychometrically valid questionnaire.
282 citations