Efficient Light Coupler for Threshold Čerenkov Counters
01 Aug 1966-Review of Scientific Instruments (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 37, Iss: 8, pp 1094-1095
About: This article is published in Review of Scientific Instruments.The article was published on 1966-08-01. It has received 193 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Reflection (physics).
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a variety of solar concentrators in terms of their most important general characteristics, namely concentration, acceptance angle, sensitivity to mirror errors, size of reflector area and average number of reflections.
541 citations
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TL;DR: The ideal cylindrical light collector (OCL) as mentioned in this paper is a non-imaging collector with an effective relative aperture (f-number) = 0·5, which has a larger acceptance for diffuse light than concentrating collectors using imaging optics.
509 citations
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TL;DR: The ideal cylindrical light collector is capable of accepting solar radiation over an average ∼8-hr day and concentrating it by a factor of ∼10 without diurnal tracking of the sun, not possible by conventional imaging techniques.
Abstract: A new principle for collecting and concentrating solar energy, the ideal cylindrical light collector, has been invented. This development has its origins in detecting Cherenkov radiation in high energy physics experiments. In its present form, the collector is a trough-like reflecting wall light channel of a specific shape which concentrates radiant energy by the maximum amount allowed by phase space conservation. The ideal cylindrical light collector is capable of accepting solar radiation over an average ∼8-hr day and concentrating it by a factor of ∼10 without diurnal tracking of the sun. This is not possible by conventional imaging techniques. The ideal collector is non-imaging and possesses an effective relative aperture (f-number) =0·5. This collector has a larger acceptance for diffuse light than concentrating collectors using imaging optics. In fact, the efficiency for collecting and concentrating isotropic radiation, in comparison with a flat plate collector, is just the reciprocal of the concentration factor.
490 citations
01 Apr 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared a variety of solar concentrators in terms of their most important general characteristics, namely concentration, acceptance angle, sensitivity to mirror errors, size of reflector area and average number of reflections.
Abstract: Even though most variations of solar concentrators have been studied or built at some time or other, an important class of concentrators has been overlooked until very recently. These novel concentrators have been called ideal because of their optical properties, and an example, the compound parabolic concentrator, is being tested at Argonne National Laboratory. Ideal concentrators differ radically from conventional instruments such as focussing parabolas. They act as radiation funnel and do not have a focus. For a given acceptance angle their concentration surpasses that of other solar concentrators by a factor of two to four, but a rather large reflector area is required. The number of reflections varies with angle of incidence, with an average value around one in most cases of interest. In order to help provide a rational basis for deciding which concentrator type is best suited for a particular application, we have compared a variety of solar concentrators in terms of their most important general characteristics, namely concentration, acceptance angle, sensitivity to mirror errors, size of reflector area and average number of reflections. The connection between concentration, acceptance angle and operating temperature of a solar collector is analysed in simple intuitive terms, leading to a straightforward recipe for designing collectors with maximal concentration (no radiation emitted by the absorber must be allowed to leave the concentrator outside its acceptance angle). We propose some new concentrators, including the use of compound parabolic concentrators as second stage concentrators for conventional parabolic or Fresnel mirrors. Such a combination approaches the performance of an ideal concentrator without demanding a large reflector; it may offer significant advantages for high temperature solar systems.
483 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the problem of light collection is examined from first principles within the framework of geometrical optics, and a generalization of the Abbe sine law appropriate to non-imaging systems is presented.
Abstract: The problem of light collection is examined from first principles within the framework of geometrical optics. From the outset, we distinguish between light collection and the usual theory of image formation. From phase-space considerations, we derive the sine inequality, a generalization of the Abbe sine law appropriate to nonimaging systems. We construct two- and three-dimensional nonimaging systems that reduce the f number to the least allowed by the sine inequality. Such systems give substantially improved light collection as compared with conventional systems.
372 citations
References
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01 Jun 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental concepts of optics are discussed. And the basic principles of optics can be found in the following references (http://www.fossiloptics.org):
Abstract: Fundamentals of optics , Fundamentals of optics , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
1,643 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the problems associated with counting high energy mesons, electrons, and protons are discussed together with the design and performance of several types of particle counters, and some of the uses are discussed.
Abstract: \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov radiation particle counters of a number of types are in satisfactory use in this laboratory for the counting of high energy mesons, electrons, and protons. The problems associated with \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov counting and some of the uses are discussed together with the design and performance of several types of counters. The uses include high energy electron counting with the exclusion of neutrons and protons, measurement of the velocity of mesons, and the detection of high energy neutrons in the presence of lower energy neutrons by the \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov threshold counting of recoil protons.
29 citations
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TL;DR: A large pressurized gas Cerenkov counter is described in this article, which is designed to assist triggering on electrons in high energy counter-spark chamber experiments, and the results of tests made on the counter are presented.
Abstract: A large pressurized gas Cerenkov counter is described. The counter is designed to assist triggering on electrons in high energy counter‐spark chamber experiments. The requirement of large solid angle resulted in a counter of large dimensions and heavy construction. The results of tests made on the counter are presented. The tests indicate that the counter rejects pions very well and is roughly 50% efficient to electrons in the Λ° beta‐decay spectrum (0–200 MeV).
5 citations