Egg production in a coastal seabird, the glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens), declines during the last century.
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Cites background or methods from "Egg production in a coastal seabird..."
...2–4 weeks before the lay date of first eggs (mid- to late May; Verbeek, 1986; Blight, 2011)....
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...Glaucous-winged gulls in the region also exhibit a long-term decline in clutch and egg size consistent with a hypothesis of declining food quality (Blight, 2011)....
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...…diet of breeding adults, we used a section (~1 9 2 cm) cut from the tip of the innermost primary feathers as the first of these (P1) are generally moulted from mid-April to early May (Verbeek, 1979), ca. 2–4 weeks before the lay date of first eggs (mid- to late May; Verbeek, 1986; Blight, 2011)....
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...Glaucous-winged gulls in the region also exhibit a long-term decline in clutch and egg size con- sistent with a hypothesis of declining food quality (Blight, 2011)....
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...Indeed, Blight (2011) showed that glaucous-winged gulls in the Salish Sea have experienced a long-term decline in egg volume and clutch size, consistent with the hypothesis that die- tary declines in high-quality fish and an increase in ter- restrial sources of food reduces fecundity in this…...
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"Egg production in a coastal seabird..." refers methods in this paper
...I used metaregression, with fit assessed using Q-tests [45,46], to analyse trends in glaucous-winged gull egg and clutch size over time and to examine the relationship between clutch size and first egg date....
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...I used meta-analysis rather than a standard statistical approach because disparate datasets derived from a group of primary studies must be properly weighted to yield correct standard errors and pvalues and meta-analysis has been developed specifically to perform these weightings correctly, increasing the power of significance tests while retaining robustness [45,46]....
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...I used random-effects meta-analytical models as these assume that component studies differ not only by within-study sampling error (as fixed-effects models do), but also by a genuine difference in effect sizes among studies [45,46]....
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1,453 citations
"Egg production in a coastal seabird..." refers background in this paper
...The most important effect of increased egg size in birds overall seems to be improved survival in the days posthatching, allowing young chicks to weather temporary food shortages [5,7,69,70]....
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...These concurrent egg and clutch size declines are noteworthy because although gulls lack an obligate clutch size, a mode of three is a well-known feature of most Larus gulls’ biology, and egg size reduction is a flexible mechanism that allows birds to accommodate limited decreases in energy availability while maintaining offspring number [5]....
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1,364 citations