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Journal ArticleDOI

Eggplant relatives as sources of variation for developing new rootstocks: Effects of grafting on eggplant yield and fruit apparent quality and composition

TL;DR: Grafting eggplant onto interspecific eggplant hybrids, especially on the SI × SM hybrid, has proved advantageous for eggplant production, as the high vigour and good compatibility of the rootstock with scion results in improved early and total yield without negative effects on apparent fruit quality or composition.
About: This article is published in Scientia Horticulturae.The article was published on 2011-02-25 and is currently open access. It has received 124 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rootstock & Solanum macrocarpon.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of the current review is to reassess how the practice of grafting and the prevalence of particular types of commercial rootstocks influence vegetable fruit quality and, partly, storability.
Abstract: Grafting has become an imperative for intensive vegetable production since chlorofluorocarbon-based soil fumigants were banned from use on grounds of environmental protection. Compelled by this development, research into rootstock-scion interaction has broadened the potential applications of grafting in the vegetable industry beyond aspects of soil phytopathology. Grafting has been increasingly tapped for cultivation under adverse environs posing abiotic and biotic stresses to vegetable crops, thus enabling expansion of commercial production onto otherwise under-exploited land. Vigorous rootstocks have been employed not only in the open field but also under protected cultivation where increase in productivity improves distribution of infrastructural and energy costs. Applications of grafting have expanded mainly in two families: the Cucurbitaceae and the Solanaceae, both of which comprise major vegetable crops. As the main drives behind the expansion of vegetable grafting have been the resistance to soilborne pathogens, tolerance to abiotic stresses and increase in yields, rootstock selection and breeding have accordingly conformed to the prevailing demand for improving productivity, arguably at the expense of fruit quality. It is however compelling to assess the qualitative implications of this growing agronomic practice for human nutrition. Problems of impaired vegetable fruit quality have not infrequently been associated with the practice of grafting. Accordingly, the aim of the current review is to reassess how the practice of grafting and the prevalence of particular types of commercial rootstocks influence vegetable fruit quality and, partly, storability. Physical, sensorial and bioactive aspects of quality are examined with respect to grafting for watermelon, melon, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and pepper. The physiological mechanisms at play which mediate rootstock effects on scion performance are discussed in interpreting the implications of grafting for the configuration of vegetable fruit physicochemical quality and nutritive value.

158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that improvement of functional quality in S. melongena can be obtained using S. incanum as a donor of alleles for high phenolic acids content, and suggest that a rapid recovery of the characteristic combination of S.Melongena traits can be achieved in a few backcross generations.
Abstract: This work was partially financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (AGL2009-07257 and RF-2008-00008-00-00).

89 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer (MONTAGE) as discussed by the authors was proposed by the United Nations Environment Programme to phase out the production and consumption of ozone depletion.
Abstract: The ozone layer forms a thin shield in the stratosphere, protecting life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Emissions of ozonedepleting substances (ODS) used in many sectors (such as refrigeration, airconditioning, foams, and firefighting) destroy stratospheric ozone. Increased ultraviolet radiation from major depletion of stratospheric ozone can cause increases in skin cancer and cataracts, weaken the human immune systems, damage some agricultural crops, impact natural ecosystems, and degrade materials such as plastic. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer seeks worldwide phaseout of the production and consumption of ODS. Scientists confirmed that the protocol is working and that the ozone layer is on its way to recovery around the year 2050. Science and technology, including research at Antarctic stations proving that manufactured chemicals destroy stratospheric ozone and cause the Antarctic ozone hole, played important roles in the evolution and success of the protocol. Scientists provided early warning about the issue, discovered the Antarctic ozone hole, and linked it to CFC emissions and, along with nongovernmental organizations and the media, informed the public. The United Nations Environment Programme facilitated negotiations by governments. Science and technology panels of the protocol verified the performance of and facilitated periodical strengthening of the protocol. The scientific findings stimulated and motivated industry to innovation of alternatives to ODS. The protocol promoted universal participation, early action, continuous learning, and progressively tougher action. The protocol’s Multilateral Fund and its implementing agencies assisted developing countries through technology transfer, creation of national focal points and networks, training, and introduction of regulations and policies.

77 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results have shown that both complexes are hypervariable and have provided insight into their diversity and relationships and has important implications for the conservation and management of genetic resources as well as for the selection and breeding of both scarlet and gboma eggplants.
Abstract: Scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants are major vegetable crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Together with their respective wild ancestors (S. anguivi and S. dasyphyllum) and intermediate cultivated-wild forms they constitute the so-called scarlet and gboma eggplant complexes. We used conventional descriptors and the high-throughput phenomics tool Tomato Analyzer for characterizing 63 accessions of the scarlet eggplant complex, including the four S. aethiopicum cultivar groups (Aculeatum, Gilo, Kumba, and Shum), Intermediate S. aethiopicum-S. anguivi forms, and S. anguivi, and 12 cultivated and wild accessions of the gboma eggplant complex. A large diversity was found between both complexes, showing that they are very well differentiated from each other. Within the scarlet eggplant complex, many significant differences were also found among cultivar groups, but more differences were found for fruit traits evaluated with Tomato Analyzer than with conventional descriptors. In particular, Tomato Analyzer phenomics characterization was useful for distinguishing small fruited groups (Shum, Intermediate, and S. anguivi), as well as groups for which few or no significant differences were observed for plant traits. Multivariate principal components analysis (PCA) separated well all groups, except the Intermediate group which plotted between S. anguivi and small fruited S. aethiopicum accessions. For the gboma eggplant complex, S. dasyphyllum was clearly distinguished from S. macrocarpon and an important diversity was found in the latter. The results have shown that both complexes are hypervariable and have provided insight into their diversity and relationships. The information obtained has important implications for the conservation and management of genetic resources as well as for the selection and breeding of both scarlet and gboma eggplants.

76 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...Scarlet eggplant and its interspecific hybrids with S. melongena are also used as rootstocks for eggplant cultivation (Gisbert et al., 2011)....

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References
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Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent rather than the FolinDenis reagent, gallic acid as a reference standard, and a more reproducible time-temperature color development period was investigated.
Abstract: Several details of the assay of total phenolic substances have been investigated and an improved procedure developed. The improvements include the use of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent rather than the Folin-Denis reagent, gallic acid as a reference standard, and a more reproducible time-temperature color development period. The values obtained are less subject to variation and interference from several nonphenols, yet are directly comparable to the "tannin" values obtained by the previously standard method.

18,629 citations


"Eggplant relatives as sources of va..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Content in phenolics was determined according to the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure (Singleton and Rossi, 1965)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Limiting discussion to stress-induced phenylpropanoids eliminates few of the structural classes, because many compounds that are constitutive in one plant species or tissue can be induced by various stresses in another species or in another tissue of the same plant.
Abstract: Phenylpropanoid compounds encompass a wide range of structural classes and biological functions. Limiting discussion to stress-induced phenylpropanoids eliminates few of the structural classes, because many compounds thst are constitutive in one plant species or tissue can be induced by various stresses in another species or in another tissue of the same plant (Beggs et al., 1987; Christie et al., 1994).

4,046 citations


"Eggplant relatives as sources of va..." refers background in this paper

  • ...This higher phenolics concentration may be an additional indication of stress in this rootstock/scion combination, as stress conditions induce accumulation of phenolics (Dixon and Paiva, 1995; Moglia et al., 2008)....

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Book
06 Jul 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of Latin square design and split-split plots, as well as the complete block design, and the randomized complete block and split block design.
Abstract: Logic, Research, and Experiment. Some Basic Concepts. The Analysis of Variance and t Tests. A Population of Mean Differences. The Completely Randomized Design. The Randomized Complete Block Design. Mean Separation. Latin Square Design. The Split-Plot Design. The Split-Split Plot. The Split Block. Subplots as Repeated Observations. Transformations. Linear Correlation and Regression. Curvilinear Relations. Shortcut Regression Methods for Equally Spaced Observations or Treatments. Correlation and Regression for More Than Two Variables. Analysis of Counts. Improving Precision. Planned Grouping of Experimental Units--Design. Appendix. Index.

1,196 citations

Book
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The African Indigenous Vegetables, an Overview of the Cultivated Species as discussed by the authors describes over 100 African vegetable species and covers the 25 most common crops in detail, providing as much detail as is currently known about these crops.
Abstract: Until the beginning of the 20th century, people in Africa depended to a significant extent on food which had its origins in Africa. A diverse range of originally wild African species was domesticated a long time ago and included rootcrops, cereals, legumes and many different vegetables. Popular food crops from outside the region were introduced into Africa and these exotic crops soon started to dominate the traditional crops. This trend was enforced with the arrival of European settlers and has resulted in most African vegetables becoming minor crops. However, most exotic crops are not successful in either dry or very humid regions and do not do well in the warmer parts of Africa; in these regions indigenous African crops are still important and indigenous vegetables are much in demand because many people no longer have enough money to buy the more expensive exotic crops. Consequently there is now a reversal in the trend away from exotics and towards traditional vegetables. This has generated a call for information, especially from students who wish to focus on such crops, and from extension staff who are under pressure from farmers to advise them. African Indigenous Vegetables, an Overview of the Cultivated Species describes over 100 African vegetable species and covers the 25 most common crops in detail. Where possible, information is provided on the origin of the species and on some botanical aspects. The main emphasis is on their agronomy, providing as much detail as is currently known about these crops. It is to be hoped that this book will contribute towards knowledge of African vegetables and their further advancement.

709 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Growing grafted vegetables, compared to growing grafted trees, is seldom practiced in the United States or in other western countries where land use is not intensive, i.e., proper crop rotation is being practiced, however, it is highly popular in Korea, Japan, and some Asian and European countries whereLand use is very intensive and the farming area is small.
Abstract: Growing grafted vegetables was first launched in Japan and Korea in the late 1920s by grafting watermelons to gourd rootstock (Ashita, 1927; Yamakawa, 1983). After the first trial, the cultivated area of grafted vegetables, as well as the kinds of vegetables being grafted, has been consistently increased. At present, most of the watermelons [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai], Oriental melons (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino), greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), and several solanaceous crops in Korea and Japan are grafted before being transplanted to the field or greenhouse (Ito, 1992; Kurata, 1992; Lee,. 1989; Ryu et al., 1973). The purpose of grafting also has been greatly expanded, from reducing infection by soilborne diseases caused by pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. (Choi et al., 1980; Hirata, 1975; Itagi, 1992; Marukawa and Takatsu, 1969; Ryu et al., 1973; Yamakawa, 1983) to increasing low-temperature (Marukawa and Takatsu, 1969; Masuda and Gomi, 1984; Masuda et al., 1981; Tachibana, 1982, 1988, 1989) and salt and wet-soil tolerance (Park, 1987), enhancing water and nutrient uptake (Gomi and Masuda, 1981; Heo, 1991; Jang et al., 1992; Kato and Lou, 1989; Kim and Lee, 1989; Marukawa and Takatsu, 1969; Masuda and Gomi, 1982), and increasing plant vigor and extending the duration of economical harvest time (Itagi, 1992; Ito, 1992; Jeong, 1986; Kim and Lee, 1989), among other purposes (Ali et al., 1991; Chailakhyan and Khrianin, 1987; Dole and Wilkins, 1991; Frankel, 1970; M1atsuzoe et al., 1991b; Mochizuchi and Yamakawa, 1979; Ohta and Chuong, 1975; Phatak and Wittwer, 1965). Growing grafted vegetables, compared to growing grafted trees, is seldom practiced in the United States or in other western countries where land use is not intensive, i.e., proper crop rotation is being practiced. However, it is highly popular in Korea, Japan, and some Asian and European countries where land use is very intensive and the farming area is small (Hartmann and Kester, 1975). The purpose of this article is to briefly describe the cultivation of grafted vegetables and to summarize relevant information on grafting and cultivating grafted seedlings.

549 citations


"Eggplant relatives as sources of va..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Grafting has proved to be an efficient tool for increasing the yield, disease resistance and quality of a number of vegetable crops (Davis et al., 2008a,b; King et al., 2008, 2010; Lee, 1994; Lee and Oda, 2003; Rivero et al., 2003)....

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  • ...The eggplant cultivar Black Beauty was grafted onto ‘Black Beauty’ rootstocks (self-grafted; BB/BB), S. torvum (STO), S. macrocarpon (SMA), S. incanum × S. melongena (SI × SM), and S. melongena × S. aethiopicum (SM × SA) rootstocks using the cleft procedure described by Lee (1994)....

    [...]

  • ...Grafting of vegetable crops is used to provide resistance to soil pests and pathogens, to increase the tolerance to abiotic stresses, to improve water or nutrient uptake, or to enhance the vigour of the scion (Davis et al., 2008a,b; King et al., 2008, 2010; Lee, 1994; Lee and Oda, 2003; Rivero et al., 2003)....

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  • ...Eggplant is grafted mainly by cleft or tube grafting techniques (Bletsos et al., 2003; Lee, 1994; Miguel et al., 2007)....

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  • ...This can be achieved by using rootstocks that have resistance to soil diseases or pests, tolerance to abiotic stress, selective absorption of available soil nutrients, or that confer a high degree of vigour to the scion (Davis et al., 2008a,b; Lee, 1994; Lee and Oda, 2003; Rivero et al., 2003)....

    [...]