El café y sus efectos en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud materna
12 Jan 2010-Vol. 37, Iss: 4, pp 514-523
TL;DR: La conclusion general es that el consumo of cafeina, hasta 300 mg/dia, no constituye un mayor riesgo of infarto al miocardio, of hipertension, o of modificacion of los niveles plasmaticos de indicadores of riesgos cardiovascular, como the proteina C reactiva y the homocisteina.
Abstract: La cafeina es el principal componente activo del cafe y los efectos del consumo de cafe se asocian mayoritariamente a la cafeina, una metilxantina que actua como antagonista de los receptores de adenina en el sistema nervioso. Son numerosos los efectos en la salud atribuidos a la cafeina, siendo algunos beneficos y otros deletereos: en la salud cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2, tolerancia a la glucosa y sensibilidad a la insulina, en la cinosis hepatica y el carcinoma hepatocelular, entre otros efectos. Este articulo realiza una revision de dos aspectos de preocupacion en la salud publica relacionados con el consumo de cafe y la cafeina: su efecto en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud maternal (periodo perinatal). La conclusion general es que el consumo de cafeina, hasta 300 mg/dia, no constituye un mayor riesgo de infarto al miocardio, de hipertension, o de modificacion de los niveles plasmaticos de indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, como la proteina C reactiva y la homocisteina. En relacion a la salud maternal, las conclusiones son similares, un consumo moderado de cafeina (300 mg/dia o menos) no constituye un riesgo de menor concepcion, de diabetes gestacional, de menor crecimiento fetal, o de defectos congenitos. La ausencia de riesgo, sin embargo, no constituye un estimulo al consumo de cafe durante el embarazo. Si el consumo de cafe por parte de la futura madre es moderado, puede considerarse la continuacion del consumo durante el embarazo bajo supervision medica
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the results obtained from a procedure that was applied based on Taguchi Method, in a manufacturing company of soluble coffee, in order to evaluate the quality loss due to functional variations are presented.
Abstract: In order to enhance the quality of products, the improvement of processes is required. This may be accomplished by means of experiments to establish the characteristics of quality and required conditions to keep the operation under control. In the elaboration of soluble coffee, the Taguchi Method has not been used widely, possibly due to its complexity and special features of the process. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the results obtained from a procedure that was applied based on Taguchi Method, in a manufacturing company of soluble coffee. The method allowed for the experimentation with uncontrollable factors, the depuration of the variables of the production process that affected their results and the quantitative evaluation of the quality loss due to functional variations. Furthermore, the results provide valuable information for companies in the sector, allowing them to undertake projects to improve the quality of this type of processes.
2 citations
Cites background from "El café y sus efectos en la salud c..."
...Su atractivo está muy ligado al placer de degustar una taza de café y al concepto generalizado de su carácter estimulante y energizante [2]....
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Dissertation•
14 May 2019
1 citations
Cites background from "El café y sus efectos en la salud c..."
...[Citado el 10 de agosto del 2016]....
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...[Citado el 10 de junio del 2016]....
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...Su metabolismo se da primero en el hígado (95%), tejido en el que una isoforma del citocromo P450 (CYP1A2) demetila la cafeína a 1,7 - dimetilxantina (paraxantina), la que posteriormente es nuevamente demetilada y transformada por oxidación en ácido 1-metilúrico, el cual es eliminado a través de la orina.(32) Bisht S y Sisodia S (2011), en su estudio Papel protector de los granos de café en el modelo de diabetes mellitus de ratas demostraron los efectos del extracto de semilla de Coffea arabica L....
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13 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an estudio descriptivo de corte transversal in which participaron estudiantes activos de todos los semestres de manera voluntaria a traves de una encuesta.
Abstract: Dentro de las bebidas populares, no necesariamente nutricionales, estan las bebidas con cafeina. En Mexico, despues del agua y la leche, el cafe y las bebidas gaseosas son los productos de mayor ingesta por toda la poblacion. Los adultos jovenes presentan un importante consumo en estas bebidas. Los estudiantes refieren consumirlas por diferentes motivos: para mejorar el promedio academico, realizar mayor actividad durante el dia, hacer ejercicio y socializar. El proposito del estudio fue conocer el consumo de bebidas con cafeina entre los estudiantes de medicina, la razon de este consumo y los efectos que perciben tras haberlas ingerido. Material y Metodo: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el que participaron estudiantes activos de todos los semestres de manera voluntaria a traves de una encuesta. Resultados: participaron 235 estudiantes que consumen bebidas como cafe, te, gaseosas de cola y energizantes en diferentes cantidades. Los estudiantes argumentaron las razones por las cuales las consumen: socializar, estudiar, mantenerse en vigilia, etc. Se encontro que los efectos que causaron estas bebidas son variados (agradables, desagradables y ambos), ademas de que detonaron sensibilidad al no consumo de estas bebidas, manifestando efectos que pudieran ser considerados de abstinencia. Discusion y conclusion: se encontro que el cafe fue la bebida de mayor consumo estudiantil en 77.44%, y su razon de consumo fue la realizacion de sus actividades diarias y academicas. Los efectos que produce la cafeina pueden ser dependientes de la cantidad de tazas consumidas y el tipo de bebida (cafe, te, bebidas gaseosas de cola y bebidas energizantes). Los efectos pueden ser placenteros (tranquilidad, energia, relajacion) o desagradables (taquicardia, insomnio, diuresis); ambos, refirieron sintomas relacionados a la abstinencia (cefalea, somnolencia e irritabilidad) cuando no se consumen dichas bebidas, y muestran conocimientos de que pueden causar patologias.
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TL;DR: The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dys-function, and failure of differentorgans, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
13,077 citations
TL;DR: Differences in rates of progression between ethnic groups was reduced by adjustment for various lengths of follow-up and testing rates, so that women appeared to progress to type 2 diabetes at similar rates after a diagnosis of GDM.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE —To examine factors associated with variation in the risk for type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published between January 1965 and August 2001, in which subjects underwent testing for GDM and then testing for type 2 diabetes after delivery. We abstracted diagnostic criteria for GDM and type 2 diabetes, cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes, and factors that predicted incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS —A total of 28 studies were examined. After the index pregnancy, the cumulative incidence of diabetes ranged from 2.6% to over 70% in studies that examined women 6 weeks postpartum to 28 years postpartum. Differences in rates of progression between ethnic groups was reduced by adjustment for various lengths of follow-up and testing rates, so that women appeared to progress to type 2 diabetes at similar rates after a diagnosis of GDM. Cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes increased markedly in the first 5 years after delivery and appeared to plateau after 10 years. An elevated fasting glucose level during pregnancy was the risk factor most commonly associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS —Conversion of GDM to type 2 diabetes varies with the length of follow-up and cohort retention. Adjustment for these differences reveals rapid increases in the cumulative incidence occurring in the first 5 years after delivery for different racial groups. Targeting women with elevated fasting glucose levels during pregnancy may prove to have the greatest effect for the effort required.
2,063 citations
TL;DR: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of various degrees that is first detected during pregnancy and provides a unique opportunity to study the early pathogenesis of diabetes and to develop interventions to prevent the disease.
Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of various degrees that is first detected during pregnancy. GDM is detected through the screening of pregnant women for clinical risk factors and, among at-risk women, testing for abnormal glucose tolerance that is usually, but not invariably, mild and asymptomatic. GDM appears to result from the same broad spectrum of physiological and genetic abnormalities that characterize diabetes outside of pregnancy. Indeed, women with GDM are at high risk for having or developing diabetes when they are not pregnant. Thus, GDM provides a unique opportunity to study the early pathogenesis of diabetes and to develop interventions to prevent the disease.
1,960 citations
TL;DR: Hypertension was the most common risk factor for CHF, and it contributed a large proportion of heart failure cases in this population-based sample, and Preventive strategies directed toward earlier and more aggressive blood pressure control are likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of CHF and its associated mortality.
Abstract: Objective. —To study the relative and population-attributable risks of hypertension for the development of congestive heart failure (CHF), to assess the time course of progression from hypertension to CHF, and to identify risk factors that contribute to the development of overt heart failure in hypertensive subjects. Design. —Inception cohort study. Setting. —General community. Participants. —Original Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study participants aged 40 to 89 years and free of CHF. To reflect more contemporary experience, the starting point of this study was January 1, 1970. Exposure Measures. —Hypertension (blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic or current use of medications for treatment of high blood pressure) and other potential CHF risk factors were assessed at periodic clinic examinations. Outcome Measure. —The development of CHF. Results. —A total of 5143 eligible subjects contributed 72422 person-years of observation. During up to 20.1 years of follow-up (mean, 14.1 years), there were 392 new cases of heart failure; in 91% (357/392), hypertension antedated the development of heart failure. Adjusting for age and heart failure risk factors in proportional hazards regression models, the hazard for developing heart failure in hypertensive compared with normotensive subjects was about 2-fold in men and 3-fold in women. Multivariable analyses revealed that hypertension had a high population-attributable risk for CHF, accounting for 39% of cases in men and 59% in women. Among hypertensive subjects, myocardial infarction, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and valvular heart disease were predictive of increased risk for CHF in both sexes. Survival following the onset of hypertensive CHF was bleak; only 24% of men and 31% of women survived 5 years. Conclusions. —Hypertension was the most common risk factor for CHF, and it contributed a large proportion of heart failure cases in this population-based sample. Preventive strategies directed toward earlier and more aggressive blood pressure control are likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of CHF and its associated mortality. (JAMA. 1996;275:1557-1562)
1,843 citations
Journal Article•
1,422 citations