El café y sus efectos en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud materna
12 Jan 2010-Vol. 37, Iss: 4, pp 514-523
TL;DR: La conclusion general es that el consumo of cafeina, hasta 300 mg/dia, no constituye un mayor riesgo of infarto al miocardio, of hipertension, o of modificacion of los niveles plasmaticos de indicadores of riesgos cardiovascular, como the proteina C reactiva y the homocisteina.
Abstract: La cafeina es el principal componente activo del cafe y los efectos del consumo de cafe se asocian mayoritariamente a la cafeina, una metilxantina que actua como antagonista de los receptores de adenina en el sistema nervioso. Son numerosos los efectos en la salud atribuidos a la cafeina, siendo algunos beneficos y otros deletereos: en la salud cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2, tolerancia a la glucosa y sensibilidad a la insulina, en la cinosis hepatica y el carcinoma hepatocelular, entre otros efectos. Este articulo realiza una revision de dos aspectos de preocupacion en la salud publica relacionados con el consumo de cafe y la cafeina: su efecto en la salud cardiovascular y en la salud maternal (periodo perinatal). La conclusion general es que el consumo de cafeina, hasta 300 mg/dia, no constituye un mayor riesgo de infarto al miocardio, de hipertension, o de modificacion de los niveles plasmaticos de indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, como la proteina C reactiva y la homocisteina. En relacion a la salud maternal, las conclusiones son similares, un consumo moderado de cafeina (300 mg/dia o menos) no constituye un riesgo de menor concepcion, de diabetes gestacional, de menor crecimiento fetal, o de defectos congenitos. La ausencia de riesgo, sin embargo, no constituye un estimulo al consumo de cafe durante el embarazo. Si el consumo de cafe por parte de la futura madre es moderado, puede considerarse la continuacion del consumo durante el embarazo bajo supervision medica
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TL;DR: This work provides a detailed overview of ACs occurrence in water bodies along with their toxicological effect on living organisms and robust detection and removal strategies must be considered in the design of WWTPs and DWTPs.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the potential in the extraction of biocomponents in the coffee processing process using two water samples (M1, M2) and found mesophiles, coliforms and staphylococci in both samples.
Abstract: espanolEn el procesamiento del cafe, solo se aprovecha el 5 % del producto fresco y se generan residuos como aguas mieles (AM), que pueden llegar hasta 40 L/Kg de cafe pergamino seco y al ser vertidas pueden provocar contaminacion de alto impacto ambiental. Consecuentemente, el objetivo fue caracterizar fisicoquimica y microbiologicamente dos muestras de AM (M1, M2) con el fin de evaluar el potencial en la extraccion de biocomponentes. Los parametros medidos a las dos muestras de agua fueron Demanda Quimica de Oxigeno (DQO), nitrogeno, amonio, cromo, oxigeno disuelto (OD), pH, conductividad, acidez volatil, fosforo, cloruros, solidos, color y, adicionalmente se cuantificaron mesofilos, coliformes totales y estafilococos. Se identificaron diferencias significativas entre las muestras y un efecto del procesamiento del cafe, sobre las caracteristicas evaluadas. M2 mostro mayor concentracion de OD, conductividad y cambio de color respecto al control, mientras que M1 tuvo mayor concentracion para los demas parametros evaluados. Cromo y amonio estuvieron por debajo del limite de deteccion de la prueba empleada, por el contrario, la DQO fue superior a lo reglamentado para aguas domesticas. En el analisis microbiologico, se encontraron mesofilos en ambas muestras, y M2 presento coliformes y estafilococos. Con lo anterior se evidencia que el metodo de procesamiento de cafe afecta los parametros de calidad de las aguas residuales y por ende se deben implementar metodologias de tratamiento y/o aprovechamiento acordes a las caracteristicas intrinsecas de cada proceso. EnglishIn the coffee processing, only 5 % of the fresh product is used and waste is generated as wastewater (WW), which can reach up to 40 L / Kg of dry parchment coffee and when spilled can cause pollution of high environmental impact. Consequently, the objective was to characterize physicochemical and microbiologically two WW samples (M1, M2) in order to evaluate the potential in the extraction of biocomponents. The parameters measured to the two water samples were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen, ammonium, chromium, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity, volatile acidity, phosphorus, chlorides, solids, color and, in addition, mesophiles, total coliforms and staphylococci were also quantified. Significant differences between the samples and an effect of coffee processing on the characteristics evaluated were identified. M2 showed a higher concentration of OD, conductivity and color change with respect to the control, while M1 had a higher concentration for the other parameters. Chromium and ammonium were below the detection limit of the test used, on the contrary, the COD was higher than what was regulated for domestic waters. In the microbiological analysis, mesophiles were found in both samples, and M2 presented coliforms and staphylococci. With the above it is evident that the coffee processing method affects the parameters of wastewater quality and therefore treatment and/or exploitation methodologies must be implemented according to the intrinsic characteristics of each process. portuguesNo processamento de cafe, apenas 5 % do produto fresco e utilizado e os residuos sao gerados como aguas residuais (AR), que pode chegar a 40 L / Kg de cafe em pergaminho seco e quando derramado pode causar poluicao de alto impacto ambiental. Consequentemente, o objetivo foi caracterizar fisicoquimica e microbiologicamente duas amostras de AR (M1, M2), a fim de avaliar o potencial na extracao de biocomponentes. Os parâmetros medidos para as duas amostras de agua foram: Demanda Quimica de Oxigenio (DQO), nitrogenio, amonio, cromo, oxigenio dissolvido (DO), pH, condutividade, acidez volatil, fosforo, cloretos, solidos, cor e, alem disso, mesofilos, coliformes totais e estafilococos tambem foram quantificados. Diferencas significativas entre as amostras e um efeito do processamento do cafe nas caracteristicas avaliadas foram identificadas. M2 apresentou maior concentracao de OD, condutividade e mudanca de cor em relacao ao controle, enquanto M1 apresentou maior concentracao para os demais parâmetros. O cromo e o amonio estavam abaixo do limite de deteccao do teste utilizado; pelo contrario, o DQO foi superior ao regulamentado para as aguas domesticas. Na analise microbiologica, mesofilos foram encontrados em ambas as amostras, e M2 apresentou coliformes e estafilococos. Com o exposto, e evidente que o metodo de processamento do cafe afeta os parâmetros da qualidade das aguas residuais e, portanto, as metodologias de tratamento e / ou exploracao devem ser implementadas de acordo com as caracteristicas intrinsecas de cada processo.
7 citations
Cites background from "El café y sus efectos en la salud c..."
...Aproximadamente el 30 % de la población mundial consume una vez al día una taza de café [1]....
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10 May 2018
TL;DR: The objective of determining the incidence of phytohormone kinetin in the growth of four varieties of Arabica coffee, grafted on robust pattern, was executed in the nursery of the experimental farm of the Southern State University of Manabi.
Abstract: The project tends to achieve the production of higher plants, tolerant to pests and diseases; it was executed in the nursery of the experimental farm of the Southern State University of Manabi, located in the Andil site; with the objective of determining the incidence of phytohormone kinetin in the growth of four varieties of Arabica coffee: Sarchimor 1669, Sarchimor 4260, Pache and red Catuai, grafted on robust pattern. The applied methodology was experimental-factorial of A x B with random block designs with 8 treatments, one for each variety used with hormone and one for each variety without hormone and four repetitions; For the evaluation of the averages, the Tukey test was used at 95% confidence; the following variables were analyzed: height of plants, diameter of plants, length of leaves, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf area, root length, root volume, root weight and vigor of the plants, in a period of six months from January 20, 2017. The results of the arrest at 15 days after the grafting in the four varieties considered determined the following percentages: pache, 98.50%; Sarchimor 1669, 98.00%; Catuai red, 97.75% and Sarchimor 4260, 97.25%. Subsequently we proceeded to quantify the values of the variables based on which it was recommended to strengthen the results obtained by performing other tests of similar characteristics.
5 citations
TL;DR: Inclusion of up to 10% coffee pulp in the diet of ewe lambs for 16 days prior to breeding improves oxidative status without causing adverse effects on pregnancy, estrus or prolificacy.
Abstract: Background: Coffee pulp has a high content of antioxidants capable of modifying the oxidative status in small ruminants. However, high amounts for a prolonged time can reduce fertility. Objective: To determine the effect of two inclusion levels of coffee pulp during estrous synchronization on reproductive variables and oxidative status of primiparous ewes. Methods: Sixty Suffolk x Dorset primiparous ewes were distributed into three treatments in a completely randomized design; T0: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet, Tl: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet and 5% coffee pulp, T2: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet and 10% coffee pulp. Supplementation was given for 16 days before estrus synchronization and until the beginning of the breeding season. A progestogen (CIDR®) was inserted for ll days and a dose of PGF2a was applied two days prior to its withdrawal. Estrus detection started 12 hours after CIDR withdrawal. Blood samples were obtained during the supplementation period to measure oxidative status, antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin, and up to 9 days after breeding to determine progesterone concentration. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 30 and 60 days post-breeding. An analysis of repeated measures of mixed effects and frequency analysis were carried out. Results: Inclusion of coffee pulp for a short period prior to breeding did not affect reproductive parameters, nor progesterone, glucose or insulin concentrations (p>0.05); however, antioxidant capacity increased, while lipid oxidation showed an opposite trend (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inclusion of up to 10% coffee pulp in the diet of ewe lambs for 16 days prior to breeding improves oxidative status without causing adverse effects on pregnancy, estrus or prolificacy.
4 citations
Cites background from "El café y sus efectos en la salud c..."
...Caffeine was previously reported as not reducing fertility in women (Wesselink et al., 2016); According to Valenzuela (2010), pregnant women consuming less than 300 mg of caffeine do not present risks....
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04 Sep 2020
TL;DR: The number of medical students dependent on tobacco increases as they advance in the clinical area, despite this, the percentage of UEES medicine students who smoke is almost half of the prevalence of smoking in young Latin Americans.
Abstract: Docente investigador, maestro en ciencias. Docente de Universidad Tecnologica de El Salvador.
fabioverano120@gmail.com
3 citations
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TL;DR: Consumption of coffee, green tea and oolong tea and total caffeine intake was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from CVD, with a 38% lower risk among men and 22% among women.
Abstract: Background The effects of coffee and green, black and oolong teas and caffeine intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have not been well defined in Asian countries. Methods To examine the relationship between the consumption of these beverages and risk of mortality from CVD, 76 979 individuals aged 40–79 years free of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cancer at entry were prospectively followed. The daily consumption of beverages was assessed by questionnaires. Results 1362 deaths were documented from strokes and 650 deaths from CHD after 1 010 787 person-years of follow-up. Compared with non-drinkers of coffee, the multivariable HR and 95% CI for those drinking 1–6 cups/week, 1–2 cups/day and ≥3 cups/day were 0.78 (0.50 to 1.20), 0.67 (0.47 to 0.96) and 0.45 (0.17 to 0.87) for strokes among men (p=0.009 for trend). Compared with non-drinkers of green tea, the multivariable HR for those drinking 1–6 cups/week, 1–2 cups/day, 3–5 cups/day and ≥6 cups/day were 0.34 (0.06–1.75), 0.28 (0.07–1.11), 0.39 (0.18–0.85) and 0.42 (0.17–0.88) for CHD among women (p=0.038 for trend). As for oolong tea, the multivariable HR of those drinking 1–6 cups/week and ≥1 cups/day were 1.00 (0.65–1.55) and 0.39 (0.17–0.88) for total CVD among men (p=0.049 for trend). Risk reduction for total CVD across categories of caffeine intake was most prominently observed in the second highest quintile, with a 38% lower risk among men and 22% among women. Conclusions Consumption of coffee, green tea and oolong tea and total caffeine intake was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from CVD.
201 citations
TL;DR: This study followed 2 large cohorts of men and women who provided data on coffee consumption, other behaviors, and health outcomes every 2 to 4 years over 2 decades to assess the association of coffee consumption with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality.
Abstract: Studies have examined the association between coffee consumption and a variety of specific diseases, but the relationship between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality remains unclear. This st...
183 citations
TL;DR: The decrease of placental blood supply and increased maternal serum epinephrine levels associated with maternal coffee ingestion may be potential perinatologic risks, and more investigation about caffeine effects in human pregnancy is needed.
170 citations
TL;DR: The objectives of the present review are to summarize the findings from the various clinical and animals studies, objectively discuss the merits and/or faults inherent in the studies and establish a global reproductive risk assessment for caffeine consumption in humans during pregnancy.
Abstract: Caffeine is a methylated xanthine that acts as a mild central nervous system stimulant. It is present in many beverages, including coffee, tea, and colas, as well as chocolate. Caffeine constitutes 1-2% of roasted coffee beans, 3.5% of fresh tea leaves, and approximately 2% of mate leaves (Spiller, '84; Graham, '84a,b). Many over-the-counter medications, such as cold and allergy tablets, headache medicines, diuretics, and stimulants also contain caffeine, although they lead to relatively minimal intake (FDA, '86). In epidemiological studies, it is assumed that one cup of coffee contains < or =100 mg of caffeine, and soft drinks, such as colas, contain 10-50 mg of caffeine per 12-ounce serving. The per-capita consumption of caffeine from all sources is estimated to be about 3-7 mg/kg per day, or approximately 200 mg/day (Barone and Roberts, '96). Consumption of caffeinated beverages during pregnancy is quite common (Hill et al., '77) and is estimated to be approximately 144 mg/day, or 2.4 mg/kg for a 60-kg human (Morris and Weinstein, '81). However, pregnant women appear to consume slightly less than do other adults, approximately 1 mg/kg per day (Barone and Roberts, '96). This decrease may be interrelated with taste aversion (Hook, '76; Little, '82). The medical literature contains many varied references that appear to indicate that human adverse reproductive/developmental effects are produced by caffeine. If caffeine indeed causes such effects, the reproductive consequences could be very serious because caffeine-containing foods and beverages are consumed by most of the human populations of the world, and consumption in the United States is estimated to be 4.5-kg/person/year (Narod et al., '91). Therefore, the medical literature dealing with developmental and reproductive risks of caffeine was reviewed, and the biological plausibility of the epidemiological and animal findings, as well as the methods and conclusions of previous investigators, were evaluated. The epidemiological studies describe exposures of women to caffeine during pregnancy, as well as the occurrence of congenital malformations, fetal growth retardation, small-for-date babies, miscarriages (spontaneous abortions), behavioral effects, and maternal fertility problems that presumably resulted from the caffeine consumption. A few epidemiological studies were concerned with the genetic effects of preconception exposures to caffeine. Animal studies, conducted mostly in pregnant rats and mice, were designed to produce malformations. The objectives of the present review are to summarize the findings from the various clinical and animals studies, objectively discuss the merits and/or faults inherent in the studies and establish a global reproductive risk assessment for caffeine consumption in humans during pregnancy. It should be noted that evaluation of the developmental risks of caffeine based solely on epidemiological studies is difficult because the findings are inconsistent. Even more important, is the fact that caffeine users are subject to multiple confounding factors that make analyses difficult and prevent investigators from reaching definitive conclusions. For example, the caffeine content of foods and beverages can vary considerably, which can interfere with obtaining valid interpretations from many human studies. Isolated epidemiological studies dealing with the risk of abortion, without evaluating other developmental and reproductive effects, are the most difficult to interpret, because they present special problems that are sometimes ignored in epidemiological studies. The results of animal studies are probably most helpful in solving some of the dilemmas created by the epidemiological studies. An animal study reported in 1960 first focused our attention on the potential developmental effects of caffeine. However, the exposure reported by Nishimura and Nakai ('60) was an intraperitoneal dosage of 250 mg/kg in the mouse, an extremely high dosage that would result in a blood plasma level that could never be obtained from consuming caffeine containing products. More recent animal studies have demonstrated, that depending on the method of administration and species, the developmental NOEL in rodents is approximately 30 mg/kg per day, the teratogenic NOEL is 8,100 mg/kg per day, and the reproductive NOEL approximately 80-120 mg/kg per day. Lack of biological plausibility to support the concept that caffeine has been responsible for human malformations is another important part of this analysis. For example, no one has described the Caffeine "teratogenic syndrome," a cluster of malformations associated with caffeine ingestion. Proven human teratogens have an identifiable syndrome. The malformations described in the animal studies at very high doses fit the description of vascular disruptive types of malformations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
167 citations
TL;DR: Maternal caffeine intake seems to exert an effect on birth weight through growth retardation in term newborns, and this relation was observed in deliveries after 36 weeks gestational age.
Abstract: In a prospective study of 3,891 antenatal patients at Yale-New Haven Hospital between 1980 and 1982, 76.7% consumed caffeine from coffee, tea, colas, and drugs. A dose response of caffeine intake to increased risk for delivering low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) singleton newborns was observed. This relation was observed in deliveries after 36 weeks gestational age. When comparison was made with women who had no caffeine exposure, the relative risks of low birth weight after adjustment for confounding factors were 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-3.0) for 1-150 mg of caffeine daily; 2.3 (95% CI 1.1-5.2) for 151-300 mg; and 4.6 (95% CI 2.0-10.5) for over 300 mg. Decreases in mean birth weight were 6, 31, and 105 g, respectively. Gestational age did not appear to be related to caffeine consumption in the crude or adjusted analysis. Maternal caffeine intake seems to exert an effect on birth weight through growth retardation in term newborns.
156 citations