El procés de desistiment de les persones empresonades. Obstacles i suports
01 Jan 2011-Iss: 53, pp 7-11
TL;DR: Aixi mateix, aquests processos de transicio es contextualitzen tant en el marc d'una trajectoria passada (familiar, formativa-laboral, delictiva i penitenciaria) com tambe en la fase del cicle vital en que hom se situa, en tant que aquests dos eixos delimiten, en bona mesura, l'estructura d'oportunitats i els marcs de referencia de la persona al sortir de la pres
Abstract: La recerca aborda els mecanismes de transicio entre la preso i la vida en llibertat i, particularment, el paper que aquests juguen en els processos de desistiment del delicte. Centrant-se en poblacio masculina condemnada a preso per delictes patrimonials i/o contra la salut publica, la recerca vol identificar les narratives de desistiment i persistencia en l'activitat delictiva, i coneixer com determinats factors externs contribueixen a la construccio d'aquestes narratives. Aquests factors externs son concebuts com a punts d'inflexio que poden propiciar el canvi, i estan relacionats tant amb allo tractat i viscut dins la preso com amb els suports i vincles existents en la comunitat on es desemboca. Aixi mateix, aquests processos de transicio es contextualitzen tant en el marc d'una trajectoria passada (familiar, formativa-laboral, delictiva i penitenciaria) com tambe en la fase del cicle vital en que hom se situa, en tant que aquests dos eixos delimiten, en bona mesura, l'estructura d'oportunitats i els marcs de referencia de la persona al sortir de la preso. Amb aquest objectiu s'ha plantejat un disseny prospectiu en dues onades: la primera onada contempla la realitzacio d'entrevistes personals narratives durant les setmanes previes a la finalitzacio de la condemna de preso per coneixer la biografia, la darrera etapa a la preso i les narratives sobre la transicio; la segona onada esta previst fer-la un any despres de la finalitzacio de la condemna i estara centrada en l'analisi del proces de transicio. Aquest informe presenta els resultats de la primera onada.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Resumen basado en el de la publicacion Resumen en ingles y catalan Monografico con el titulo: Pedagogia social comunitaria y exclusion social as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Resumen basado en el de la publicacion Resumen en ingles y catalan Monografico con el titulo: Pedagogia social comunitaria y exclusion social
5 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a recerca aborda the situacio penitenciaria de regressio a segon grau d'una persona classificada en tercer grau de tractament.
Abstract: La recerca aborda la situacio penitenciaria de regressio a segon grau d'una persona classificada en tercer grau de tractament. Aquesta recerca neix de la dada que a Catalunya el retorn esglaonat a la comunitat (a partir del tercer grau o de la llibertat condicional) no es la forma habitual en que les persones condemnades extingeixen la condemna sino que resulta mes comu la finalitzacio en segon grau. Aquesta realitat resulta preocupant ja que existeix una evidencia cientifica favorable al retorn esglaonat com un sistema amb mes probabilitats d'aconseguir la reinsercio de la persona. La recerca parteix de que un dels factors que explica aquesta taxa baixa de finalitzacio de la condemna en tercer grau o en llibertat condicional es justament la regressio a segon grau. Acceptat aquest fet, els objectius de la recerca consisteixen en valorar si el nostre sistema penitenciari fa un us restringit de la regressio i en explorar si es poden identificar les causes que expliquen que una vegada que s'ha produit la regressio sigui dificil reprendre el proces de reinsercio a la comunitat. Per dur a terme la recerca s'ha pres com a poblacio de referencia les persones que van patir una regressio a segon grau a Catalunya durant l'any 2011 i que finalitzen la seva condemna entre l'1 de juliol i el 31 de desembre del 2012. Aixo dona una poblacio de 52 persones. S'ha procedit a estudiar els expedients penitenciaris d'aquestes persones i s'ha aconseguit entrevistar al 75% d'elles. La recerca posa de manifest que la nostra practica de regressio es troba encara allunyada d'un model garantista i rehabilitador, indica algunes raons que expliquen la dificultat de recuperar el tercer grau o la llibertat condicional una vegada regressat i finalment s'assenyalen un conjunt de recomanacions o bones practiques.
2 citations
References
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TL;DR: Sampson and Laub as discussed by the authors found evidence that life-course transitions affect criminal behavior by altering relations with delinquent peers, such as marriage, employment, and entry into the military.
Abstract: Sampson and Laub (1993) provided a major contribution to the study of criminal careers by linking criminal behavior to life-course transitions, such as marriage, employment, and entry into the military. To interpret their findings, these investigators relied exclusively on control theory. In a sharp departure from that position, this study offers evidence that life-course transitions affect criminal behavior by altering relations with delinquent peers. Focusing on marriage, the analysis shows that the transition to marriage is followed by a dramatic decline in time spent with piends as well as reduced exposure to delinquent peers, and that these factors largely explain the association between marital status and delinquent behavior. The findings suggest that changing patterns of peer relations over the life course are essential for understanding criminal life-course trajectories. In one of the most influential studies of crime in recent years, Sampson and Laub (1993) embarked on a formidable task: to explain variation in criminal behavior-onset, maintenance, and desistance-over the life course. Arguing that criminologists had narrowly fixated on the teenage years, Sampson and Laub sought to bring "both childhood and adulthood back into the criminological picture of age and crime" (19939). To that end, they adopted the conceptual tools of the life-course perspective (Elder, 1985) and the etiological principles of control theory (Durkheim, 1897; Hirschi, 1969). Strong ties to age-linked institutions of social control-family, school, and peers in childhood and adolescence; higher education, marriage/parenthood, work and community in adulthood-inhibit deviant behavior, they argued, and changing ties to these institutions over the life course produce distinctly different criminal trajectories marked by turning points (a change in the life course) from conventional to criminal behavior or vice versa. To test their thesis, Sampson and Laub revived data from the Gluecks' well-known longitudinal study of delinquents, data that were initially collected in 1939 and that had lain dormant since the 1950s. The Glueck data, as the authors rightly observed, were notable not only for their longitudinal character, but also for the rich variety of variables and sources
824 citations
"El procés de desistiment de les per..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: The authors' selection, design, and use of a life history calendar (LHC) to collect retrospective life course data and the interviewers were positive about the LHC's ability to increase respondent recall.
Abstract: This paper details the authors selection design and use of a life history calendar (LHC) to collect retrospective life course data. A sample of nine hundred [U.S.] 23-year-olds originally interviewed in 1980 were asked about the incidence and timing of various life events in the nine years since their 15th birthday....The following aspects of the LHC are described: (a) the concept uses and advantages of the LHC (b) the time units and domains used (c) the mode of recording the responses and the decisions and problems involved (d) interviewer training and (e) coding. The following results attest to the accuracy of the LHC retrospective data: (a) only four of the calendars had missing data in any month; (b) the data obtained in 1980 about current work school attendance marriage and children showed a remarkable correspondence to the retrospective 1985 LHC reports of these events; (c) the interviewers were positive about the LHCs ability to increase respondent recall. (EXCERPT)
746 citations
"El procés de desistiment de les per..." refers background in this paper
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Book•
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01 Dec 1970
TL;DR: The first C. Wright Mills Award-winning book, Delinquency and Drift as discussed by the authors, argues persuasively that delinquent thought and delinquent action are distorted reflections of the ideas and practices that pervade contemporary juvenile law and its administration.
Abstract: The first C. Wright Mills Award-winning book, Delinquency and Drift has become a recognized classic in the fields of criminology and social problems. In it, Matza argues persuasively that delinquent thought and delinquent action are distorted reflections of the ideas and practices that pervade contemporary juvenile law and its administration. His ideas are as persuasive today as when they were first published twenty-five years ago. By example and illustration, Matza argues that the delinquent subculture is based on many of the same standards as the conventional social order, and that the delinquent's negation of the law is the result of his relations with an inconsistent and vulnerable legal code. Once the juvenile breaks his or her ties to the legal order, the drift to delinquency becomes relatively easy to justify. The author also maintains that being liberated from legal constraint does not necessarily lead to delinquency; that event depends on the will to commit crime. Because delinquency remains one of our most serious social problems, it is important to consider Matza's thesis that the drift toward delinquency is frequently aided by the unwitting support of society and the guardians of social order.
740 citations
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: For instance, the authors argued that longitudinal studies often borrow the tools of cross-sectional analysis but do not inform about how individuals progress through the life course, and pointed out that the mismatch of static theory with longitudinal data has produced unsatisfactory results.
Abstract: Although often lumped together, longitudinal and developmental approaches to crime are not the same. Longitudinal research invokes a methodological stance—collecting and analyzing data on persons (or macrosocial units) over time. Ironically, however, one of the objections to existing longitudinal research has been that it often looks like, or produces results equivalent to, cross-sectional research (Gottfredson and Hirschi 1987). Critics of longitudinal research have a valid point—many studies simply investigate between-individual relationships using a static, invariant conception of human development. For example, showing an “effect” of social class at time one on crime at time two requires a longitudinal design, but substantively such an effect says nothing about within-individual change, dynamic or sequential processes, or whether in fact “time” really matters. Hence longitudinal studies often borrow the tools of cross-sectional analysis but do not inform about how individuals progress through the life course. Perhaps most important, until recently longitudinal research has labored under the trinity of dominant criminological 134theories—strain, control, and cultural deviance—all of which are inherently static in their original conceptualization. It is little wonder that the mismatch of static theory with longitudinal data has produced unsatisfactory results.
706 citations