El procés de desistiment de les persones empresonades. Obstacles i suports
01 Jan 2011-Iss: 53, pp 7-11
TL;DR: Aixi mateix, aquests processos de transicio es contextualitzen tant en el marc d'una trajectoria passada (familiar, formativa-laboral, delictiva i penitenciaria) com tambe en la fase del cicle vital en que hom se situa, en tant que aquests dos eixos delimiten, en bona mesura, l'estructura d'oportunitats i els marcs de referencia de la persona al sortir de la pres
Abstract: La recerca aborda els mecanismes de transicio entre la preso i la vida en llibertat i, particularment, el paper que aquests juguen en els processos de desistiment del delicte. Centrant-se en poblacio masculina condemnada a preso per delictes patrimonials i/o contra la salut publica, la recerca vol identificar les narratives de desistiment i persistencia en l'activitat delictiva, i coneixer com determinats factors externs contribueixen a la construccio d'aquestes narratives. Aquests factors externs son concebuts com a punts d'inflexio que poden propiciar el canvi, i estan relacionats tant amb allo tractat i viscut dins la preso com amb els suports i vincles existents en la comunitat on es desemboca. Aixi mateix, aquests processos de transicio es contextualitzen tant en el marc d'una trajectoria passada (familiar, formativa-laboral, delictiva i penitenciaria) com tambe en la fase del cicle vital en que hom se situa, en tant que aquests dos eixos delimiten, en bona mesura, l'estructura d'oportunitats i els marcs de referencia de la persona al sortir de la preso. Amb aquest objectiu s'ha plantejat un disseny prospectiu en dues onades: la primera onada contempla la realitzacio d'entrevistes personals narratives durant les setmanes previes a la finalitzacio de la condemna de preso per coneixer la biografia, la darrera etapa a la preso i les narratives sobre la transicio; la segona onada esta previst fer-la un any despres de la finalitzacio de la condemna i estara centrada en l'analisi del proces de transicio. Aquest informe presenta els resultats de la primera onada.
Citations
More filters
[...]
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Resumen basado en el de la publicacion Resumen en ingles y catalan Monografico con el titulo: Pedagogia social comunitaria y exclusion social as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Resumen basado en el de la publicacion Resumen en ingles y catalan Monografico con el titulo: Pedagogia social comunitaria y exclusion social
5 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a recerca aborda the situacio penitenciaria de regressio a segon grau d'una persona classificada en tercer grau de tractament.
Abstract: La recerca aborda la situacio penitenciaria de regressio a segon grau d'una persona classificada en tercer grau de tractament. Aquesta recerca neix de la dada que a Catalunya el retorn esglaonat a la comunitat (a partir del tercer grau o de la llibertat condicional) no es la forma habitual en que les persones condemnades extingeixen la condemna sino que resulta mes comu la finalitzacio en segon grau. Aquesta realitat resulta preocupant ja que existeix una evidencia cientifica favorable al retorn esglaonat com un sistema amb mes probabilitats d'aconseguir la reinsercio de la persona. La recerca parteix de que un dels factors que explica aquesta taxa baixa de finalitzacio de la condemna en tercer grau o en llibertat condicional es justament la regressio a segon grau. Acceptat aquest fet, els objectius de la recerca consisteixen en valorar si el nostre sistema penitenciari fa un us restringit de la regressio i en explorar si es poden identificar les causes que expliquen que una vegada que s'ha produit la regressio sigui dificil reprendre el proces de reinsercio a la comunitat. Per dur a terme la recerca s'ha pres com a poblacio de referencia les persones que van patir una regressio a segon grau a Catalunya durant l'any 2011 i que finalitzen la seva condemna entre l'1 de juliol i el 31 de desembre del 2012. Aixo dona una poblacio de 52 persones. S'ha procedit a estudiar els expedients penitenciaris d'aquestes persones i s'ha aconseguit entrevistar al 75% d'elles. La recerca posa de manifest que la nostra practica de regressio es troba encara allunyada d'un model garantista i rehabilitador, indica algunes raons que expliquen la dificultat de recuperar el tercer grau o la llibertat condicional una vegada regressat i finalment s'assenyalen un conjunt de recomanacions o bones practiques.
2 citations
References
More filters
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the life-stories of two men who appeared to be desisting from crime, and demonstrate that an interpretive approach to narrative material, sensitive to the possibility of unconscious motivations, better explains some of the contradictions evident in desisters' life stories, especially in relation to the heavily gendered issue of family formation.
Abstract: This article analyses the life-stories told by two men who appeared to be desisting from crime. At the time of their respective interviews, both men had reduced the frequency and intensity of their offending behaviours, although neither man had completely stopped offending. Using these men’s life-stories, the authors endorse Shadd Maruna’s argument that the study of criminal careers and desistance needs to embrace a more adequately psychosocial conception of subjectivity. However, in contrast to the cognitive approach preferred by Maruna, the authors seek to demonstrate that an interpretive approach to narrative material, sensitive to the possibility of unconscious motivations, better explains some of the contradictions evident in desisters’ life-stories, especially in relation to the heavily gendered issue of family formation. The authors draw particularly on the psychoanalytic work of Tony Jefferson to make their argument.
154 citations
[...]
TL;DR: For example, this article observed that most criminal offenses show a sharp rise in prevalence during adolescence, followed by a relatively rapid decline in the early twenties (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1983; Quetelet, 1984 [1833]).
Abstract: For centuries, criminologists have observed thatmost criminal offenses showa sharp rise in prevalence during adolescence, followed by a relatively rapid decline in the early twenties (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1983; Quetelet, 1984 [1833]). The dramatic decrease in criminal behavior during young adulthood, and increasing scholarly interest in desistance more generally, have led researchers to work to uncover the processes behind age-linked change in offending. Because the drop in offending occurs during the same period of the life course in which many individuals adopt adult roles, role transitions have received growing attention as potential explanations for desistance.
116 citations
Book•
[...]
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, SUTHERLAND et al. discuss the role of gender in the development of crime in the USA and discuss the effects of gender discrimination in the criminal justice system.
Abstract: SPIRITUAL EXPLANATIONS NATURAL EXPLANATIONS SCIENTIFIC THEORIES CAUSATION IN SCIENTIFIC THEORIES THREE FRAMES OF REFERENCE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE THREE FRAMES OF REFERENCE KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS THE SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND OF CLASSICAL CRIMINOLOGY BECCARIA AND THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL FROM CLASSICAL THEORY TO DETERRENCE RESEARCH THREE TYPES OF DETERRENCE RESEARCH RATIONAL CHOICE AND OFFENDING ROUTINE ACTIVITIES AND VICTIMIZATION CONCLUSIONS BACKGROUND: PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND DEFECTIVENESS LOMBROSO, THE "BORN CRIMINAL" AND POSITIVIST CRIMINOLOGY GORING'S REFUTATION OF THE "BORN CRIMINAL" BODY TYPE THEORIES FAMILY STUDIES TWIN AND ADOPTION STUDIES NEUROTRANSMITTERS HORMONES THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF BEHAVIOR IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS INTELLIGENCE AND CRIME: BACKGROUND IDEAS AND CONCEPTS IQ TESTS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR DELINQUENCY, RACE, AND IQ INTERPRETING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DELINQUENCY AND IQ PERSONALITY AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR PSYCHOPATHY AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER CLINICAL PREDICTION OF FUTURE DANGEROUSNESS ACTUARIAL PREDICTION OF LATER CRIME AND DELINQUENCY DEPRESSION AND DELINQUENCY IMPULSIVITY AND CRIME POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF PERSONALITY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: GUERRY AND QUETELET RESEARCH ON CRIME AND POVERTY: CONTRADICTIONS AND DISAGREEMENTS CRIME AND UNEMPLOYMENT: A DETAILED LOOK AT RESEARCH PROBLEMS INTERPRETING RESEARCH ON CRIME AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS EMILE DURKHEIM CRIME AS NORMAL IN MECHANICAL SOCIETIES ANOMIE AS A PATHOLOGICAL STATE IN ORGANIC SOCIETIES DURKHEIM'S THEORY OF CRIME CONCLUSION KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS THE THEORY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY RESEARCH IN THE "DELINQUENCY AREAS" OF CHICAGO POLICY IMPLICATIONS RESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION, SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION, AND CRIME SAMPSON'S THEORY OF COLLECTIVE EFFICACY EXPANDING INTEREST IN NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL PROCESSES IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ROBERT K. MERTON AND ANOMIE IN AMERICAN SOCIETY STRAIN AS THE EXPLANATION OF GANG DELINQUENCY 1960S STRAIN-BASED POLICIES THE DECLINE AND RESURGENCE OF STRAIN THEORIES STRAIN IN INDIVIDUALS STRAIN IN SOCIETIES CONCLUSION KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO LEARNING SUTHERLAND'S DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY RESEARCH TESTING SUTHERLAND'S THEORY THE CONTENT OF LEARNING: CULTURAL AND SUBCULTURAL THEORIES THE LEARNING PROCESS: SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY ATHEN'S THEORY OF "VIOLENTIZATION" IMPLICATIONS CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS EARLY CONTROL THEORIES: REISS TO NYE MATZA'S DELINQUENCY AND DRIFT HIRSCHI'S SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY ASSESSING SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY GOTTFREDSON AND HIRSCHI'S A GENERAL THEORY OF CRIME ASSESSING GOTTFREDSON AND HIRSCHI'S A GENERAL THEORY OF CRIME IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS THE MEANING OF CRIME TO THE SELF: LABELING THEORY THE MEANING OF CRIME TO THE CRIMINAL: KATZ'S SEDUCTIONS OF CRIME THE SITUATIONAL MEANING OF CRIME: ZIMBARDO'S LUCIFER EFFECT THE MEANING OF CRIME TO THE LARGER SOCIETY: DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL REACTION STATE POWER AND THE MEANING OF CRIME: CONTROLOLOGY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS EARLY CONFLICT THEORIES: SELLIN AND VOLD CONFLICT THEORIES IN A TIME OF CONFLICT: TURK, QUINNEY, AND CHAMBLISS AND SEIDMAN BLACK'S THEORY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF LAW A UNIFIED CONFLICT THEORY OF CRIME TESTING CONFLICT THEORY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS OVERVIEW OF MARX'S THEORY MARX ON CRIME, CRIMINAL LAW, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE THE EMERGENCE OF MARXIST CRIMINOLOGY MARXIST THEORY AND RESEARCH ON CRIME OVERVIEW OF POSTMODERNISM POSTMODERN CRIMINOLOGY CONCLUSION KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY SCHOOLS OF FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY GENDER IN CRIMINOLOGY WHY ARE WOMEN'S CRIME RATES SO LOW? WHY ARE MEN'S CRIME RATES SO HIGH? CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS THE GREAT DEBATE: CRIMINAL CAREERS, LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND CRIME CRIMINAL PROPENSITY VERSUS CRIMINAL CAREER THE TRANSITION TOWARD DEVELOPMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY THREE DEVELOPMENTAL DIRECTIONS THORNBERRY'S INTERACTIONAL THEORY SAMPSON AND LAUB'S AGE-GRADED THEORY OF INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL TREMBLAY'S DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF PHYSICAL AGGRESSION CONCLUSIONS KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ELLIOTT'S INTEGRATED THEORY OF DELINQUENCY AND DRUG USE THE FALSIFICATION VS. INTEGRATION DEBATE BRAITHWAITE'S THEORY OF REINTEGRATIVE SHAMING TITTLE'S CONTROL BALANCE THEORY COERCION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT BERNARD AND SNIPES'S APPROACH TO INTEGRATING CRIMINOLOGY THEORIES AGNEW'S GENERAL THEORY CONCLUSION KEY TERMS DISCUSSION QUESTIONS SCIENCE, THEORY, RESEARCH, AND POLICY INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE THEORIES STRUCTURE/PROCESS THEORIES THEORIES OF THE BEHAVIOR OF CRIMINAL LAW CONCLUSION
89 citations
[...]
15 Dec 2010
78 citations
"El procés de desistiment de les per..." refers background in this paper
[...]