Electric field depth-focality tradeoff in transcranial magnetic stimulation: simulation comparison of 50 coil designs.
TL;DR: The ability to directly stimulate deeper brain structures is obtained at the expense of inducing wider electrical field spread, and novel coil designs should be benchmarked against comparison coils with consistent metrics such as d( 1/2) and S(1/2).
About: This article is published in Brain Stimulation.The article was published on 2013-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 732 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electromagnetic coil & Transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Citations
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City College of New York1, Mackenzie Presbyterian University2, University of São Paulo3, New York University4, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center5, University Medical Center Freiburg6, University of Minnesota7, University of Pennsylvania8, University of Michigan9, Air Force Research Laboratory10, University of Calgary11, Albert Einstein College of Medicine12, University of Göttingen13, University of New South Wales14, University of Freiburg15, University of South Carolina16, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital17, University of Florida18
TL;DR: Evidence from relevant animal models indicates that brain injury by Direct Current Stimulation (DCS) occurs at predicted brain current densities that are over an order of magnitude above those produced by conventional tDCS.
874 citations
Additional excerpts
...However, in contrast to TMS, electric fields produced by tDCS in the brain are static not pulsed, and are two orders of magnitude below those employed in rTMS [12,144]....
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Paris 12 Val de Marne University1, University Medical Center Groningen2, Eindhoven University of Technology3, University Hospital of Lausanne4, French Institute of Health and Medical Research5, Università Campus Bio-Medico6, University of Belgrade7, University of Cologne8, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich9, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne10, Turku University Hospital11, University of Regensburg12, Università telematica San Raffaele13, Paris Descartes University14, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg15, University of Bern16, Universidade Nova de Lisboa17, Medical Park18, University of Göttingen19, University of Messina20, Central European Institute of Technology21, University of Siena22, University of Turku23, University of Tübingen24
TL;DR: These updated recommendations take into account all rTMS publications, including data prior to 2014, as well as currently reviewed literature until the end of 2018, and are based on the differences reached in therapeutic efficacy of real vs. sham rT MS protocols.
822 citations
TL;DR: It is found that although different types of brain stimulation are applied in different locations, targets used to treat the same disease most often are nodes within the same brain network as defined by resting-state functional-connectivity MRI.
Abstract: Brain stimulation, a therapy increasingly used for neurological and psychiatric disease, traditionally is divided into invasive approaches, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), and noninvasive approaches, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation. The relationship between these approaches is unknown, therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear, and the ideal stimulation site for a given technique is often ambiguous, limiting optimization of the stimulation and its application in further disorders. In this article, we identify diseases treated with both types of stimulation, list the stimulation sites thought to be most effective in each disease, and test the hypothesis that these sites are different nodes within the same brain network as defined by resting-state functional-connectivity MRI. Sites where DBS was effective were functionally connected to sites where noninvasive brain stimulation was effective across diseases including depression, Parkinson9s disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, essential tremor, addiction, pain, minimally conscious states, and Alzheimer’s disease. A lack of functional connectivity identified sites where stimulation was ineffective, and the sign of the correlation related to whether excitatory or inhibitory noninvasive stimulation was found clinically effective. These results suggest that resting-state functional connectivity may be useful for translating therapy between stimulation modalities, optimizing treatment, and identifying new stimulation targets. More broadly, this work supports a network perspective toward understanding and treating neuropsychiatric disease, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeted brain network modulation.
477 citations
TL;DR: Key findings are reviewed that contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the physiological and behavioral effects of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques and new combinations of these techniques, in conjunction with neuroimaging, are highlighted.
Abstract: Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been widely used for studying the physiology of the CNS, identifying the functional role of specific brain structures and, more recently, exploring large-scale network dynamics. Here we review key findings that contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the physiological and behavioral effects of these techniques. We highlight recent innovations using noninvasive stimulation to investigate global brain network dynamics and organization. New combinations of these techniques, in conjunction with neuroimaging, will further advance the utility of their application.
476 citations
TL;DR: Daily left prefrontal TMS has substantial evidence of efficacy and safety for treating the acute phase of depression in patients who are treatment resistant or intolerant.
426 citations
References
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TL;DR: The present updated guidelines review issues of risk and safety of conventional TMS protocols, address the undesired effects and risks of emerging TMS interventions, the applications of TMS in patients with implanted electrodes in the central nervous system, and safety aspects of T MS in neuroimaging environments.
4,447 citations
3,880 citations
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...[37,38]....
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TL;DR: It is suggested that disrupting focal pathological activity in limbic-cortical circuits using electrical stimulation of the subgenual cingulate white matter can effectively reverse symptoms in otherwise treatment-resistant depression.
3,610 citations
"Electric field depth-focality trade..." refers background in this paper
...For example, the subcallosal cingulate cortex, which lies approximately 6 cm from the head surface, is a putative target for the treatment of depression [29,30]....
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3,510 citations
"Electric field depth-focality trade..." refers background or methods in this paper
...[42] Di Barba P, Mognaschi ME, Savini A....
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...Attempts have been made to focalize the stimulation site with circular coils by introducing an angulated extension in the winding [39] or by modifying the winding density [40,41] or concavity [42]....
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