Journal ArticleDOI
Electrical activity of vertebrate photoreceptors.
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TLDR
The shape of the outer segments in which the photosensitive pigment molecules are contained in the vertebrate retina has been known since the time of Schultze (1866) as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
It has been known since the time of Schultze (1866) that in the vertebrate retina there are two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones, and that they serve different visual functions; rods for scotopic vision, and cones for photopic. The terminology originates from the shape of the outer segments in which the photosensitive pigment molecules are contained. The cone outer segments are conic and taper towards the tips, while the rod outer segments are typically cylindrical. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram from Brown, Gibbons & Wald (1963) of the ultrastructure of the rod and cone outer segments of the mudpuppy, Necturus, as studied by electron microscopy. Both appear to be made up of a pile of transverse paired membranes. In cones these arise by infolding of the plasma membrane, and in rods they have probably arisen in a similar way, but each pair of membranes is sealed around the edge so as to form a closed double-membrane disc (Sjostrand, 1961). Because of the universal lamellation within the rod and cone outer segments, it looks as if there were no appreciable intracellular space, but yet Toyoda, Nosaki & Tomita (1969), and Toyoda et al. (1970) were successful in intracellular recording from the outer segments of single rods of the nocturnal gecko and frog.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry and metabolism of lipids in the vertebrate retina
BookDOI
Physiologie des Menschen
Robert F. Schmidt,Gerhard Thews +1 more
TL;DR: The Schmidt/Thews as discussed by the authors is eine institution der Physiologie, which is the standardwerk der Physiology and Physiology, und is also the standard werk der Medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
The electrical response of turtle cones to flashes and steps of light.
TL;DR: The linear response of turtle cones to weak flashes or steps of light was usually well fitted by equations based on a chain of six or seven reactions with time constants varying over about a 6‐fold range.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection and resolution of visual stimuli by turtle photoreceptors.
Denis A. Baylor,A. L. Hodgkin +1 more
TL;DR: Hyperpolarizing responses up to 30 mV in amplitude were recorded from cones and from certain cells believed to be rods in the isolated retina of the swamp turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Enzymatic basis for active transport of na+ and k+ across cell membrane.
TL;DR: Afhnity for Monovalent Cations and Quantitative Relation between Effect of Na+ + K+ on Enzyme System and Active Transport in Intact Cell.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. II. Intracellular recording.
Frank S. Werblin,John E. Dowling +1 more
TL;DR: The intracellularly recorded response characteristics of each type of neuron in a vertebrate retina are described, and the response of each neuron to the responses of those neurons to which it is synaptically coupled are related.
Journal ArticleDOI
The electroretinogram: Its components and their origins
TL;DR: In this paper, three major neural components of the mammalian ERG have been demonstrated, including the late RP (receptor potential), b-wave, and d.c. component, plus the c-wave from the pigment epithelium.
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