Electrical Machines and Drives for Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles Induction and switched-reluctance machines can provide the needed characteristics, but permanent magnet brushless machines offer a higher efficiency and torque density.
01 Jan 2007-
TL;DR: This paper reviews the relative merits of induction, switched reluctance, and permanent-magnet brushesless machines and drives for application in electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, with particular emphasis on PM brushless machines.
Abstract: This paper reviews the relative merits of induction, switched reluctance, and permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machines and drives for application in electric, hybrid, and fuel cellvehicles,withparticularemphasisonPMbrushlessmachines. The basic operational characteristics and design requirements, viz. a high torque/power density, high efficiency over a wide operatingrange,andahighmaximumspeedcapability,aswell as the latest developments, are described. Permanent-magnet brushless dc and ac machines and drives are compared in terms of their constant torque and constant power capabilities, and various PM machine topologies and their performance are reviewed. Finally, methods for enhancing the PM excitation torque and reluctance torque components and, thereby, improv- ing the torque and power capability, are described.
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TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …
33,785 citations
TL;DR: An overview of permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives for EVs and HEVs is presented, with emphasis on machine topologies, drive operations, and control strategies.
Abstract: With ever-increasing concerns on our environment, there is a fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs) from automakers, governments, and customers. As electric drives are the core of both EVs and HEVs, it is a pressing need for researchers to develop advanced electric-drive systems. In this paper, an overview of permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives for EVs and HEVs is presented, with emphasis on machine topologies, drive operations, and control strategies. Then, three major research directions of the PM BL drive systems are elaborated, namely, the magnetic-geared outer-rotor PM BL drive system, the PM BL integrated starter-generator system, and the PM BL electric variable-transmission system.
1,281 citations
Cites methods from "Electrical Machines and Drives for ..."
...According to the position of PMs in the rotor [5], [19], they can further be classified as surface-mounted, surface-inset, interior-radial, and interior-circumferential topologies, as shown in Fig....
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TL;DR: An overview of the stator-PM machine is presented, with particular emphasis on concepts, operation principles, machine topologies, electromagnetic performance, and control strategies.
Abstract: Permanent magnet (PM) brushless machines having magnets and windings in stator (the so-called stator-PM machines) have attracted more and more attention in the past decade due to its definite advantages of robust structure, high power density, high efficiency, etc. In this paper, an overview of the stator-PM machine is presented, with particular emphasis on concepts, operation principles, machine topologies, electromagnetic performance, and control strategies. Both brushless ac and dc operation modes are described. The key features of the machines, including the merits and drawbacks of the machines, are summarized. Moreover, the latest development of the machines is also discussed.
684 citations
Cites background from "Electrical Machines and Drives for ..."
...It should be emphasized that all of the PM machines mentioned have magnets located on the rotor, and they are referred to as “rotor-PM machines” in this paper, which predominate in the industry applications due to outstanding advantages [1], [2]....
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...series of conclusions of significance [2], [54]–[58], which are summarized as follows....
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30 Jul 2013
TL;DR: The key is to provide the methodologies, approaches, and foresights for the emerging technologies of V2H, V2V, and V2G, namely, the vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle- to-vehicle (V 2V), and vehicle-To-grid (V1G) technologies.
Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as one of the most effective tools to reduce the oil demands and gas emissions. And they are welcome in the near future for general road transportation. When EVs are connected to the power grid for charging and/or discharging, they become gridable EVs (GEVs). These GEVs will bring a great impact to our society and thus human life. This paper investigates and discusses the opportunities and challenges of GEVs connecting with the grid, namely, the vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies. The key is to provide the methodologies, approaches, and foresights for the emerging technologies of V2H, V2V, and V2G.
523 citations
TL;DR: An accurate analytical subdomain model for computation of the open-circuit magnetic field in surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines with any pole and slot combinations, including fractional slot machines, accounting for stator slotting effect is presented.
Abstract: The paper presents an accurate analytical subdomain model for computation of the open-circuit magnetic field in surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines with any pole and slot combinations, including fractional slot machines, accounting for stator slotting effect. It is derived by solving the field governing equations in each simple and regular subdomain, i.e., magnet, air-gap and stator slots, and applying the boundary conditions to the interfaces between these subdomains. The model accurately accounts for the influence of interaction between slots, radial/parallel magnetization, internal/external rotor topologies, relative recoil permeability of magnets, and odd/even periodic boundary conditions. The back-electromotive force, electromagnetic torque, cogging torque, and unbalanced magnetic force are obtained based on the field model. The relationship between this accurate subdomain model and the conventional subdomain model, which is based on the simplified one slot per pole machine model, is also discussed. The investigation shows that the proposed accurate subdomain model has better accuracy than the subdomain model based on one slot/pole machine model. The finite element and experimental results validate the analytical prediction.
375 citations
Cites background from "Electrical Machines and Drives for ..."
...The use of nonoverlapping fractional-slot stator winding further makes the machines even more efficient, since the end-winding is comparatively shorter than that in the conventional overlapping winding machines [1]....
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References
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TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …
33,785 citations
Book•
01 Aug 1993
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling framework for computer-aided design of the power-electronic controller and some examples show how this approach can be applied to motor design.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Energy conversion principles 2. Motor design 3. Dynamic operation 4. Computer-aided design 5. The power-electronic controller 6. Control strategies 7. Losses and cooling 8. Applications 9. Example design 10. Tests and measurements References Index
1,263 citations
"Electrical Machines and Drives for ..." refers background in this paper
...conduction by advancing [6] or retarding [24] long-dwell commutation [15], both also incorporating phase advance....
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...The design and operational features of SRMs are well-documented [15], [16], and may be summarized as follows....
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Book•
26 Sep 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a d-q model for solid state power converters and present a complex vector analysis of induction machines and synchronous machines with respect to vector control and field orientation.
Abstract: 1. Introduction to AC drives 2. d-q modelling of induction and synchronous machines 3. d-q models for solid state power converters 4. Complex vector analysis of induction machines 5. Principles of vector control and field orientation 6. Dynamics of vector control and field orientation 7. Current regulation in power converters 8. Parameter sensitivity and saturation effects in indirect field orientation 9. Field weakening operation Index
1,239 citations
07 Aug 2002
TL;DR: An overview of the present status of electric and hybrid vehicles worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies is provided.
Abstract: In a world where environment protection and energy conservation are growing concerns, the development of electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) has taken on an accelerated pace. The dream of having commercially viable EVs and HEVs is becoming a reality. EVs and HEVs are gradually available in the market. This paper will provide an overview of the present status of electric and hybrid vehicles worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies. The importance of the integration of technologies of automobile, electric motor drive, electronics, energy storage, and controls and also the importance of the integration of society strength from government, industry, research institutions, electric power utilities, and transportation authorities are addressed. The challenge of EV commercialization is discussed.
1,046 citations
18 May 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of various design parameters on the cogging torque developed by permanent magnet machines is investigated, and it is shown that the slot and pole number combination has a significant effect on the Cog torque, and influences the optimal value of both skew angle and magnet arc, as well as determining the optimal number of auxiliary teeth/slots.
Abstract: The influence of various design parameters on the cogging torque developed by permanent magnet machines is investigated. It is shown that the slot and pole number combination has a significant effect on the cogging torque, and influences the optimal value of both skew angle and magnet arc, as well as determining the optimal number of auxiliary teeth/slots. A simple factor, which is proportional to the slot number and the pole number and inversely proportional to their smallest common multiple, has been introduced to indicate the "goodness"/spl beta/ of the slot and pole number combination. In general, the higher the "goodness" factor the larger the cogging torque.
920 citations
"Electrical Machines and Drives for ..." refers methods in this paper
...3) Other PM Brushless Machine Topologies a) Axial-Field Machines: Axial-field PM machines have an axially directed air-gap flux [72], [ 73 ] and can comprise a single-sided stator and a single rotor, a double-sided stator and a single rotor, or a single stator and a double-sided rotor....
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