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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrical surface-resistivity, dielectric resonance, polarization and magnetic properties of Bi0.5Sr0.5FeO3−δ thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

13 Aug 2014-Journal of Physics D (IOP Publishing)-Vol. 47, Iss: 35, pp 355304
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical surface resistivity, dielectric resonance, electric polarization, and magnetic properties of Bi0.5Sr0.3−δ thin films were studied.
Abstract: Polycrystalline and highly preferred orientated Bi0.5Sr0.5FeO3−δ thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on n-Si (2 0 0) and MgO (2 0 0) single crystalline substrates respectively. The thin films were inspected using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. The electrical surface-resistivity, dielectric resonance, electric polarization, and magnetic properties of the thin films were studied. At room temperature, depending on deposition conditions, the polycrystalline thin films grown on n-Si substrates were found to exhibit an electrical surface-resistivity of the order of 103–106 Ω, a piezoelectric resonance in the frequency range of about 25–26 MHz, a relaxor-type ferroelectric hysteresis with a maximum polarization of 0.015–0.055 µC cm−2 and magnetic hysteresis. Similarly, the thin films grown on MgO substrates exhibited an electrical surface-resistivity of the order of 109 Ω, multiple piezoelectric resonances in the frequency range of about 8–45 MHz, a linear variation of polarization with applied electric field and either a linearly varying magnetization or magnetic hysteresis which depends on the deposition conditions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
17 Aug 2006-Nature
TL;DR: A ferroelectric crystal exhibits a stable and switchable electrical polarization that is manifested in the form of cooperative atomic displacements that arises through the quantum mechanical phenomenon of exchange.
Abstract: A ferroelectric crystal exhibits a stable and switchable electrical polarization that is manifested in the form of cooperative atomic displacements. A ferromagnetic crystal exhibits a stable and switchable magnetization that arises through the quantum mechanical phenomenon of exchange. There are very few 'multiferroic' materials that exhibit both of these properties, but the 'magnetoelectric' coupling of magnetic and electrical properties is a more general and widespread phenomenon. Although work in this area can be traced back to pioneering research in the 1950s and 1960s, there has been a recent resurgence of interest driven by long-term technological aspirations.

6,813 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: Recent research activities on the linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect?induction of magnetization by an electric field or of polarization by a magnetic field?are reviewed. Beginning with a brief summary of the history of the ME effect since its prediction in 1894, the paper focuses on the present revival of the effect. Two major sources for 'large' ME effects are identified. (i) In composite materials the ME effect is generated as a product property of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric compound. A linear ME polarization is induced by a weak ac magnetic field oscillating in the presence of a strong dc bias field. The ME effect is large if the ME coefficient coupling the magnetic and electric fields is large. Experiments on sintered granular composites and on laminated layers of the constituents as well as theories on the interaction between the constituents are described. In the vicinity of electromechanical resonances a ME voltage coefficient of up to 90?V?cm?1?Oe?1 is achieved, which exceeds the ME response of single-phase compounds by 3?5 orders of magnitude. Microwave devices, sensors, transducers and heterogeneous read/write devices are among the suggested technical implementations of the composite ME effect. (ii) In multiferroics the internal magnetic and/or electric fields are enhanced by the presence of multiple long-range ordering. The ME effect is strong enough to trigger magnetic or electrical phase transitions. ME effects in multiferroics are thus 'large' if the corresponding contribution to the free energy is large. Clamped ME switching of electrical and magnetic domains, ferroelectric reorientation induced by applied magnetic fields and induction of ferromagnetic ordering in applied electric fields were observed. Mechanisms favouring multiferroicity are summarized, and multiferroics in reduced dimensions are discussed. In addition to composites and multiferroics, novel and exotic manifestations of ME behaviour are investigated. This includes (i) optical second harmonic generation as a tool to study magnetic, electrical and ME properties in one setup and with access to domain structures; (ii) ME effects in colossal magnetoresistive manganites, superconductors and phosphates of the LiMPO4 type; (iii) the concept of the toroidal moment as manifestation of a ME dipole moment; (iv) pronounced ME effects in photonic crystals with a possibility of electromagnetic unidirectionality. The review concludes with a summary and an outlook to the future development of magnetoelectrics research.

4,315 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Novel device paradigms based on magnetoelectric coupling are discussed, the key scientific challenges in the field are outlined, and high-quality thin-film multiferroics are reviewed.
Abstract: Multiferroic materials, which show simultaneous ferroelectric and magnetic ordering, exhibit unusual physical properties — and in turn promise new device applications — as a result of the coupling between their dual order parameters. We review recent progress in the growth, characterization and understanding of thin-film multiferroics. The availability of high-quality thin-film multiferroics makes it easier to tailor their properties through epitaxial strain, atomic-level engineering of chemistry and interfacial coupling, and is a prerequisite for their incorporation into practical devices. We discuss novel device paradigms based on magnetoelectric coupling, and outline the key scientific challenges in the field.

3,472 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: Pulsed laser deposition of high-temperature superconducting thin films for active and passive device applications is discussed in this article, with a focus on the commercial scale-up of Pulsed Laser Deposition.
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3,228 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jul 2005-Science
TL;DR: Magnetoelectric multiferroics combine ferromagnetic magnetization and ferroelectricity in the same phase and have tremendous potential for applications, not only because they possess the properties of both parent phenomena, but also because coupling between ferromagnetism and electric polarization can lead to additional novel effects as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Magnetoelectric multiferroics combine ferromagnetism (a spontaneous magnetization that can be switched by a magnetic field) and ferroelectricity (a spontaneous electric polarization that can be switched by an electric field) in the same phase They have tremendous potential for applications, not only because they possess the properties of both parent phenomena, but also because coupling between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity can lead to additional novel effects In their Perspective, Spaldin and Fiebig discuss the factors behind the recent resurgence of interest in magnetoelectric multiferroics, describe some exciting results emerging from the current research activities, and point to important challenges and directions for future work

2,523 citations