Electrical transport properties of thermally evaporated phthalocyanine (H2Pc) thin films
TL;DR: In this article, thin films of H2Pc of various thicknesses have been deposited onto glass substrates using thermal evaporation technique at room temperature, and the dark electrical resistivity calculations were carried out at different temperatures in the range 298-473 K.
About: This article is published in Applied Surface Science.The article was published on 2006-08-15. It has received 19 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electrical resistivity and conductivity & Electron mobility.
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TL;DR: Electrical conductivity measurements performed on a single nanobelt disclose in the doped state a remarkably high electronic conductivity and further demonstrate extended, wirelike pi-pi interactions along the long axis of the belts, which makes these organic wires potentially interesting for the field of nano-/micro-optoelectronics.
Abstract: The principle of polymer-controlled crystallization of inorganic materials has been successfully transferred to functional aromatic organic dyes, in this instance 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid potassium salt (PTCAPS), after its single-crystal structure was determined. The cationic double hydrophilic block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-branched-poly(ethyleneimine) (PEG-b-PEI) was used as the polymer additive to modify the crystallization of PTCAPS. Ultralong hierarchically structured PTCAPS microbelts with constant width and thickness of each individual belt have been fabricated. The belts are a mesocrystalline assembly of primary nanoparticles with high-energy anionic {001} faces stabilized by polymer complexation. Polarization microscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical absorption spectra, and fluorescence spectra indicate the favorable orientation of the 1D microbelts in the close-stacking direction and reveal a specific 1D superstructure fluorescence. Electrical conductivity measurements per...
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural, optical and electrical properties of lead phthalocyanine (PbPc)-based solar cells with organic buffer layers were investigated, and the structural properties of triclinic polysilicon PbPC grown on the sexithiophene (6T) buffer layer was superior to those of PbPsc grown on other organic substrates.
33 citations
Cites methods from "Electrical transport properties of ..."
...Pristine phthalocyanine (H2Pc), oxovanadium phthalocyanine (VOPc), sexithiophene (6T), and para-sexiphenylene (p-6P), all of which had almost constant hole mobilities ( 10 2 cm/Vs) [13,21–23] were adopted as buffer layers that were inserted between the PEDOT:PSS and PbPc layers....
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...H2Pc, VOPc, 6T, and p-6P, all of which had almost the same hole mobilities [13,21–23], were used as buffer layers....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive study of self-assembled molecular nanowire, including molecular design, one-dimensional crystal growth, resistivity measurement of individual wire, and application to a field-effect transistor is demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate a comprehensive study of self-assembled molecular nanowire, including molecular design, one-dimensional crystal growth, resistivity measurement of individual wire, and application to a field-effect transistor. Appropriate molecular design and control of interfacial interactions lead to single crystalline wire growth with an extensive π-stacking motif. Resistivity measurements of an individual molecular wire indicate that these structural features are advantageous for electrical transport. Finally, field-effect transistors with single- and double-wire channels were fabricated to give some indication of the potential application of the molecular wires.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical and photovoltaic properties of thermally vacuum deposited pyronine G(Y), PYR(G), thin films on GaAs single crystal were investigated.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal properties of 2-(2, 3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-ylimino)-2-(4-nitrophe-nyl)acetonitrile (DOPNA) have been studied.
Abstract: Direct current electrical properties and thermal characteristics of 2-(2, 3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-ylimino)-2-(4-nitrophe-nyl)acetonitrile (DOPNA) have been studied. The electrical transport properties are performed on DOPNA pellets sandwiched between two evaporated gold electrodes. Current density–voltage characteristics of Au/DOPNA/Au at different temperatures are found to be due to ohmic conduction and space charge limited conductivity (SCLC) controlled by an exponential trapping distribution at lower and relatively higher voltages, respectively. The electrical parameters of the material at ambient temperature have been obtained from the analysis of the samples in the ohmic and SCLC regions. Besides, the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity showed the semiconductor behavior with two conduction processes. The thermal properties of DOPNA are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The measurements were performed at heating rates 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min. The results indicated that DOPNA is thermally stable up to 480 K. The activation energy of melting process, based on differential scanning calorimetry data, is determined under non-isothermal condition.
22 citations
References
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01 Jan 1969
2,189 citations
"Electrical transport properties of ..." refers result in this paper
...12 eV, which is in good agreement with those obtained by other workers [3-15]....
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TL;DR: The physical principles underlying one-carrier space-charge-limited current injection, both steady state and transient, and steady state, twocarrier, largely neutralized current injection are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Current injection in insulators provides a valuable technique for obtaining such information about defect states in insulators as their density, their energetic location in the forbidden gap, and their cross sections for capture of free electrons and holes. It also enables determination of free carrier drift mobilities. The physical principles underlying one-carrier space-charge-limited current injection, both steady-state and transient, and steady-state, two-carrier, largely neutralized current injection are discussed. Experimental verifications of the different types of current injection are also discussed briefly.
469 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the same type of studies have been carried out using metallophthalocyanine as the electroactive (semiconductive) part of a field effect transistor (FET).
418 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model of the band model of charge migration in solar cells and compare it with the experimental results in the Low Dopant Concentration Domain.
Abstract: I Basic Notions of Solid State Physics.- I.1 Dark Conductivity: Generalities.- I.2 Conduction in Metals: Drude and Sommerfeld Models.- I.3 Band Model of Conduction.- I.4 Limitations to Band Theory.- I.5 Hopping and Tunneling Mechanisms of Charge Migration.- I.6 Charge Carrier Trapping Processes.- a Molecular Crystals.- b Polymers.- II Photoelectric Phenomena in Molecular Semiconductors.- II. 1 Light Absorption.- II.2 Energy Migration in Molecular Materials.- a Mechanisms of Energy Migration.- b Effect of Traps.- II.3 Photogeneration of Charge Carriers.- II.4 Semiconductor Junctions.- a p-n Junctions: Formation and Electrical Properties.- b Schottky Junctions: Semiconductor-Metal Contacts.- c Insulator-Metal Contacts.- II.5 Photovoltaic Effect.- a Molecular Solar Cells: Classical Formulation.- b Molecular Solar Cells: Localized States Formulation.- c Effect of Surface States.- d Characterization of Junctions by the Capacitance Method.- III Metallophthalocyanines.- III. 1 Syntheses and Physico-Chemical Properties.- a Syntheses.- b Structure and Morphology.- c Spectroscopic Properties.- d Photoelectron Spectroscopy.- e Oxidation-Reduction Properties.- f Electron Spin Resonance Measurements (ESR).- III.2 Dark Electrical Properties.- a Energy Band Structures.- b Electrical Properties: Intrinsic Case.- c Determination of the Trapping Levels.- d Doping of PcM by O2.- e Doping of PcM by other Doping Agents.- III.3 Photovoltaic Effect and Solar Cells.- a Photoelectrical Properties.- b Photovoltaic Effect: Generalities.- c Junction in the Dark.- d Junction Studies under Illumination.- e Effect of Doping on the Performances of Molecular Solar Cells.- f Solar Energy Conversion Efficiencies of Molecular Solar Cells.- IV Poly acetylene.- IV. 1 Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Polyacetylene.- a Synthesis.- b Morphology.- c Molecular Weight and Length of the Conjugated Sequences.- d Stability of Polyacetylene and Effect of O2.- e Isomers.- f Crystalline Structures.- IV.2 Theoretical Properties.- a Origin of the Band Gap.- b Band Structure.- c Bond Length Alternation Defects in Polyenes: the Solitons.- IV.3 Properties of Doped Polyacetylene.- a Dopants and Doping Processes.- b Structural Features.- c Optical Properties.- d Magnetic Properties.- IV.4 Transport Properties of Polyacetylene.- a Conduction Mechanisms at Low Doping Levels.- b Semiconductor-Metal Transition.- c Metallic Domain.- d Comparison of the Models with the Experimental Results in the Low Dopant Concentration Domain.- IV. 5 Photoelectric Properties and Solar Cells.- a Luminescence and Photoconductive Properties of Cis- and Trans- Poly acetylene.- b Junctions Properties and Molecular Solar Cells.- V The Main Other Molecular Semiconductors.- V. l Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphite.- V.2 Metallo-Organic Derivatives.- V.3 Charge Transfer Systems.- a Different Types of Charge-Transfer Systems.- b Charge Distribution.- c Charge-Transport Properties.- d Tetrathiofulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) and Related Complexes.- e (Tetramethyltetraselenofulvalene)2-X and Related Radical-Ion Salts.- V.4 Polysulfurnitride and Polydiacetylene.- V.5 Polymethines.- V.6 Polymeric Conjugated Systems.- a Polyphenylene and Related Materials.- b Substituted Polyacetylenes, Phenylacetylene.- c Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile.- d Polypyrroles.- V.7 Molecular Solar Cells.- a Squaric Acid and Merocyanine.- b Aromatic Derivatives.- c Aromatic Liquid Crystals.- d Chlorophylls and Porphyrins.- e Polymeric Systems.- Conclusion.- References.
139 citations
TL;DR: A mathematical analysis based on the Mayadas-Shatzkes model indicates that an effective mean free path may be defined in order to describe electronic conduction in both thin polycrystalline and monocrystalline metallic films as discussed by the authors.
123 citations