Electrochemical behavior of fission palladium in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
TL;DR: In this article, the growth and decay of chronocurrents measured for palladium deposition has been found to follow the instantaneous nucleation model with three-dimensional growth of nuclei.
About: This article is published in Electrochimica Acta.The article was published on 2007-08-01. It has received 67 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nucleation & Palladium.
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TL;DR: This paper reviews previous literatures and the recent results adopting ionic liquids in extraction, synthesis and processing of metals with an emphasis on the electrolysis of active/light, rare earth, and platinum group metals.
Abstract: Ionic liquids, low temperature molten salts, have various advantages manifesting themselves as durable and environmentally friendly solvents. Their application is expanding into various fields including hydrometallurgy due to their unique properties such as non-volatility, inflammability, low toxicity, good ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical potential window. This paper reviews previous literatures and our recent results adopting ionic liquids in extraction, synthesis and processing of metals with an emphasis on the electrolysis of active/light, rare earth, and platinum group metals. Because the research and development of ionic liquids in this area are still emerging, various, more fundamental approaches are expected to popularize ionic liquids in the metal manufacturing industry.
105 citations
TL;DR: A new methodology involving the combination of a soft template (surfactant) and an ionic liquid (co-surfactants) is used to electrodeposit poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanofibers, which displays excellent performances for glucose and is insusceptible to the electroactive interfering species.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that surface morphology and chemical composition of the Ni-P alloys are significantly dependent on the molar ratio of H2PO2−/Ni2+ in the electrolyte, and that deposition potential and time have a remarkable effect on the surface morphology of deposits.
Abstract: Ni–P alloy coatings with tunable phosphorus contents are electrodeposited at room temperature using choline chloride:ethylene glycol (1:2 molar ratio) deep eutectic solvent and NiCl2 · 6H2O, NaH2PO2 ·H2O as nickel and respectively phosphorous sources. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the presentence of H2PO2− in the ionic liquid based Ni plating bath promotes the initiation of Ni–P nucleation. Chronoamperometric results indicate that the electrodeposition of Ni and Ni–P alloys on a platinum electrode follows the mechanism of instantaneous nucleation and three-dimensional growth with diffusion-controlled. Surface morphology and chemical composition of the alloy coatings are significantly dependent on the molar ratio of H2PO2−/Ni2+ in the electrolyte. Moreover, deposition potential and time have a remarkable effect on the surface morphology of deposits. X-ray diffractometer analysis indicates that the structure of alloys converts from crystalline to amorphous structure as the phosphorus content in the coating increases. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that the alloy coating exhibits the nobler corrosion potential and the lower corrosion current density compared with the Ni coating. The more phosphorus content the Ni–P coating has, the more positive corrosion potential and the lower corrosion current density the coating exhibits. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.012211jes] All rights reserved.
63 citations
TL;DR: The present article describes the importance of ILs in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, and efforts were also made to highlight the future expectations ofILs.
Abstract: The ionic liquids (ILs) are salts with melting points below 100°C. These are called as ionic fluids, ionic melts, liquid electrolytes, fused salts, liquid salts, ionic glasses, designer solvents, green solvents and solvents of the future. These have a wide range of applications, including medical, pharmaceutical and chemical sciences. Nowadays, their use is increasing greatly in separation science, especially in chromatography and capillary electrophoresis due to their remarkable properties. The present article describes the importance of ILs in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Efforts were also made to highlight the future expectations of ILs.
56 citations
Cites background from "Electrochemical behavior of fission..."
...The ILs are also used for the recovery of nuclear fuel, e.g., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, a non-aqueous electrolyte media is used for the recovery of uranium and other metals from spent nuclear fuel and other sources (Giridhar et al., 2007; Jayakumar et al., 2007; Jayakumar et al., 2007)....
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..., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, a non-aqueous electrolyte media is used for the recovery of uranium and other metals from spent nuclear fuel and other sources (Giridhar et al., 2007; Jayakumar et al., 2007; Jayakumar et al., 2007)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive overview of electrode processes and their application in the field of chemical simulation, including potential sweep and potential sweep methods, coupled homogeneous chemical reactions, double-layer structure and adsorption.
Abstract: Major Symbols. Standard Abbreviations. Introduction and Overview of Electrode Processes. Potentials and Thermodynamics of Cells. Kinetics of Electrode Reactions. Mass Transfer by Migration and Diffusion. Basic Potential Step Methods. Potential Sweep Methods. Polarography and Pulse Voltammetry. Controlled--Current Techniques. Method Involving Forced Convention--Hydrodynamic Methods. Techniques Based on Concepts of Impedance. Bulk Electrolysis Methods. Electrode Reactions with Coupled Homogeneous Chemical Reactions. Double--Layer Structure and Adsorption. Electroactive Layers and Modified Electrodes. Electrochemical Instrumentation. Scanning Probe Techniques. Spectroelectrochemistry and Other Coupled Characterization Methods. Photoelectrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. Appendix A: Mathematical Methods. Appendix B: Digital Simulations of Electrochemical Problems. Appendix C: Reference Tables. Index.
20,533 citations
TL;DR: The theory of the potentiostatic current transient for three-dimensional multiple nucleation with diffusion controlled growth is discussed in this paper, where the termination of the nucleation process by the expansion of diffusion fields is considered, as well as deviations from randomness observed in the distribution of nuclei on the electrode surface.
1,629 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new theory was proposed for the potentiostatic current maximum which leads to more reliable values of the nuclear number density and to a better distinction between instantaneous and progressive nucleation.
538 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the current transient for three-dimensional nucleation on a finite number of active sites, followed by diffusion controlled growth, has been analyzed and the true nucleation rate per site can be obtained from the current maximum of single-step potentiostatic experiments.
533 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic study on the extraction of U(VI) from nitric acid medium by tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) dissolved in a non-traditional diluent, namely 1butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (IL), is reported.
Abstract: A systematic study on the extraction of U(VI) from nitric acid medium by tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) dissolved in a non-traditional diluent namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6) ionic liquid (IL) is reported. The results are compared with those obtained using TBP/n-dodecane (DD). The distribution ratio for the extraction of U(VI) from nitric acid by 1.1M TBP/bmimPF6 increases with increasing nitric acid concentration. The U(VI) distribution ratios are comparable in the nitric acid concentration range of 0.01M to 4M, to the ratios measured using 1.1M TBP/DD. In contrast to the extraction behavior of TBP/DD, the D values continued to increase with the increase in the concentration of nitric acid above 4.0M. The stoichiometry of uranyl solvate extracted by 1.1M TBP/IL is similar to that of TBP/DD system, wherein two molecules of TBP are associated with one molecule of uranyl nitrate in the organic phase. Ionic liquid alone also extracts uranium from nitric acid, albeit to a small extent. The exothermic enthalpy accompanying the extraction of U(VI) in TBP/bmimPF6 decreases with increasing nitric acid and with TBP concentrations.
148 citations