Electrochemical Sensors, a Bright Future in the Fabrication of Portable Kits in Analytical Systems
TL;DR: The mechanism and different examples of DNA, enzymatic and electro-catalytic methods for electroanalytical determination of drug, food and environmental compounds are described.
Abstract: Analysis of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds is an inevitable issue to evaluate quality of the compounds used in human life. Quality of drinking water, food products, and pharmaceutical compounds is directly associated with human health. Presence of forbidden additives in food products, toxic compounds in water samples and drugs with low quality lead to important problems for human health. Therefore, attention to analytical strategy for investigation of quality of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds and monitoring presence of forbidden compounds in materials used by humans has increased in recent years. Analytical methods help to identify and quantify both permissible and unauthorized compounds present in the materials used in human daily life. Among analytical methods, electrochemical methods have been shown to have more advantages compared to other analytical methods due to their portability and low cost. Most of big companies have applied this type of analytical methods because of their fast and selective analysis. Due to simple operation and high diversity of electroanalytical sensors, these types of sensors are expected to be the future generation of analytical systems. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have focused on designing and fabrication of electroanalytical sensors with good selectivity and high sensitivity for different types of compounds such as drugs, food, and environmental pollutants. In this paper, we described the mechanism and different examples of DNA, enzymatic and electro-catalytic methods for electroanalytical determination of drug, food and environmental compounds.
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Shiraz University of Medical Sciences1, Nanjing Forestry University2, Hakim Sabzevari University3, Shahid Beheshti University4, Kerman Medical University5, Graduate University of Advanced Technology6, King Abdulaziz University7, University of Tarapacá8, Iran University of Science and Technology9, Hangzhou Dianzi University10, North Carolina State University11, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne12
TL;DR: Daunorubicin is a famous anthracycline anticancer chemotherapy drug with many side effects that is very important to measure in biological samples and its electrochemical biosensor was developed to measure these side effects.
Abstract: Daunorubicin is a famous anthracycline anticancer chemotherapy drug with many side effects that is very important to measure in biological samples. A daunorubicin electrochemical biosensor was fabr...
312 citations
University of Johannesburg1, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China2, Nanjing Forestry University3, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences4, Hakim Sabzevari University5, University of Tabriz6, Kerman Medical University7, Graduate University of Advanced Technology8, King Abdulaziz University9, University of Tarapacá10, Hangzhou Dianzi University11, University of Coimbra12, University of Kashan13, American University of Sharjah14
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of potentiometric-based biosensors and classifications of them into four major categories: photoelectrochemical, molecular imprinted polymer, wearable and light-addressable.
301 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conductive mediator for monitoring of cyanazine level was proposed, where Pt and Pd doped CdO nanoparticle decorated SWCNTs composite (Pt-Pd-CdO/SWCNTS/ds-DNA/GE) was used for modification of the gold electrode.
288 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a molecular imprinted sensor based on Co3O4 nanowire and core-shell Co 3O4@MOF-74 nanocomposite was prepared for insecticide FEN detection.
254 citations
TL;DR: A highly sensitive electrocatalytic sensor designed and fabricated by the incorporation of NiO dope Pt nanostructure hybrid (NiO–Pt–H) showed an excellent catalytic activity and was used as a powerful tool for the determination of cysteamine in the presence of serotonin.
Abstract: A highly sensitive electrocatalytic sensor was designed and fabricated by the incorporation of NiO dope Pt nanostructure hybrid (NiO–Pt–H) as conductive mediator, bis (1,10 phenanthroline) (1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) nickel(II) hexafluorophosphate (B,1,10,P,1,10, PDNiPF6), and electrocatalyst into carbon paste electrode (CPE) matrix for the determination of cysteamine. The NiO–Pt–H was synthesized by one-pot synthesis strategy and characterized by XRD, elemental mapping analysis (MAP), and FESEM methods. The characterization data, which confirmed good purity and spherical shape with a diameter of ⁓ 30.64 nm for the synthesized NiO–Pt–H. NiO–Pt–H/B,1,10, P,1,10, PDNiPF6/CPE, showed an excellent catalytic activity and was used as a powerful tool for the determination of cysteamine in the presence of serotonin. The NiO–Pt–H/B,1,10, P,1,10, PDNiPF6/CPE was able to solve the overlap problem of the two drug signals and was used for the determination of cysteamine and serotonin in concentration ranges of 0.003–200 µM and 0.5–260 µM with detection limits of 0.5 nM and 0.1 µM, using square wave voltammetric method, respectively. The NiO–Pt–H/B,1,10,P,1,10,PDNiPF6/CPE showed a high-performance ability for the determination of cysteamine and serotonin in the drug and pharmaceutical serum samples with the recovery data of 98.1–103.06%.
238 citations
References
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TL;DR: The proposed electrode was successfully used as an indicator for potentiometric determination of Hg(II) in dental amalgam and water samples and the electrode has a short response time and can be used for at least 55 days without any considerable divergence in potentials.
673 citations
TL;DR: The many different approaches in which electrochemical methods are used to detect DNA hybridization, as the basis of a DNA biosensors, are reviewed in this article, which can be divided into two broad classes, approaches where a redox active species is used as a label and those where changes in the DNA interface are monitored electrochemically without the use of any labels.
Abstract: The many different approaches in which electrochemical methods are used to detect DNA hybridization, as the basis of a DNA biosensors, are reviewed Transduction of the hybridization event can be divided into two broad classes, approaches where a redox active species is used as a label and those where changes in the DNA interface are monitored electrochemically without the use of any labels Important criteria in fabricating the DNA recognition interface on an electrode and future challenges are also discussed
441 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on ZnO nanorod array grown by hydrothermal decomposition was presented, which showed a linear range from 0.01to3.45mM and an experiment limit of detection of 0.1mM.
Abstract: We report herein a glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on ZnO nanorod array grown by hydrothermal decomposition. In a phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 7.4, negatively charged GOx was immobilized on positively charged ZnO nanorods through electrostatic interaction. At an applied potential of +0.8V versus Ag∕AgCl reference electrode, ZnO nanorods based biosensor presented a high and reproducible sensitivity of 23.1μAcm−2mM−1 with a response time of less than 5s. The biosensor shows a linear range from 0.01to3.45mM and an experiment limit of detection of 0.01mM. An apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of 2.9mM shows a high affinity between glucose and GOx immobilized on ZnO nanorods.
427 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a pencil graphite electrode was modified with polypyrrole/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is presented.
Abstract: A novel and sensitive biosensor employing immobilized DNA on a pencil graphite electrode modified with polypyrrole/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is presented. In the first step, we modified the pencil graphite surface with polypyrrole and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT/COOH). The developed electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the other step, we used decreases in the oxidation responses of guanine and adenine as a sign of the interaction of 6-MP with salmon sperm double-stranded DNA using differential pulse voltammetry. The signal of guanine oxidation was linear with respect to the 6-MP concentration in the range of 0.2–100 μmol L–1 with a detection limit of 0.08 μmol L–1. The modified electrode was utilized for the determination of 6-MP in real samples.
373 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a carbon nanotube paste electrode modified in situ with Triton X 100 was developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACOP), aspirin (ASA) and caffeine (CF).
358 citations