Book•
Electrochemistry: Principles, Methods, and Applications
22 Jul 1993-
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transport associated with electrode reactions are discussed, and experimental methods that are available to study electrode and electrochemical processes, such as steady-state with forced convection, linear sweep, step/pulse voltametric techniques and impedance, modern surface analysis, and microscopic and spectroscopic procedures that complement the electrochemical information.
Abstract: This much-needed, comprehensive text offers an introduction to electrochemistry. The book begins at an elementary level and progresses through to the most recent advances in this interdisciplinary subject. The first part introduces the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transport associated with electrode reactions. The second part considers experimental methods that are available to study electrode and electrochemical processes, such as steady-state with forced convection, linear sweep, step/pulse voltametric techniques and impedance, modern surface analysis, and microscopic and spectroscopic procedures that complement the electrochemical information. The final part of the book discusses wide-ranging applications, including sensors, industrial electrolysis and batteries, corrosion studies, and the rapidly expanding field of bioelectrochemistry. Easily accessible appendices provide the necessary mathematics, principles of electrical circuits, and basics of digital simulation. The breadth of coverage insures that this volume will be valuable not only to students in chemistry, biochemistry, industrial chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science, but to researchers needing proper introduction to electrochemistry.
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Book•
18 Jun 2014TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental processes of diffusion and faradaic reaction at electrodes are discussed and a review of the applications of these processes can be found in a forthcoming volume in this series.
Abstract: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has become a mature and well-understood technique. It is now possible to acquire, validate, and quantitatively interpret the experimental impedances. This chapter has been addressed to understanding the fundamental processes of diffusion and faradaic reaction at electrodes. However, the most difficult problem in EIS is modeling the electrode processes, which is where most of the problems and errors arise. There is an almost infinite variety of different reactions and interfaces that can be studied (corrosion, coatings, conducting polymers, batteries and fuel cells, semiconductors, electrocatalytic reactions, chemical reactions coupled with faradaic processes, etc.) and the main effort is now being applied to understanding and analyzing these processes. These applications will be the subject of a second review in a forthcoming volume in this series.
1,270 citations
TL;DR: Oscillographic polarography, at controlled alternating current, was used in the electrochemical analysis of nucleic acids and briefly summarizes some properties of the elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS) method.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The electroactivity of nucleic acids was discovered several years ago. It was shown that at mercury electrodes, adenine and cytosine were reduced in ssDNA while guanine produced an anodic signal due to the oxidation of guanine reduction product. The DNA signals at mercury electrodes are highly sensitive to changes in DNA structure due to DNA denaturation and renaturation, as well as to minor structural changes resulting from DNA premelting and DNA damage. The changes in DNA structure are reflected not only by the DNA faradaic responses but also by non-faradaic signals due to adsorption/desorption of DNA. Several interesting principles have been used in the development of the DNA sensors—such as amplified electrochemical analysis, investigation of charge transport, and tracing of changes in conformation of DNA. The s ensors for DNA hybridization and DNA damage lead the field of the electrochemistry of nucleic acids. The chapter briefly summarizes some properties of the elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS) method. Oscillographic polarography, at controlled alternating current, was used in the electrochemical analysis of nucleic acids.
571 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that specific analyte sensing, differential sensing, and combinatorial chemistry can and will be combined to create sensor arrays, and give the subfield of molecular recognition that uses synthetic systems a bright future in this type of sensing scenario.
Abstract: Molecular recognition has evolved from a science designed to understand biological systems into a much more diverse area of research. While work continues to elucidate "nature's tricks" with respect to intermolecular interactions, much attention has turned to the perspective that molecular recognition, by design, can lead to new technologies. Applications ranging from molecular sensing to information storage and even working molecular machines have been envisioned. This review will highlight a few historical hallmarks of molecular recognition oriented at studying the basic science of intermolecular interactions, but then detail recent advances in molecular recognition aimed towards applications in the field of molecular sensing. Rational design can be used to create synthetic receptors with a good deal of predictability and selectivity, and many signal transduction mechanisms exist for converting these receptors into sensors. This is the first topic discussed. The concept of "differential" or "generalized" sensing is then presented, where one uses an array of sensors that do not necessarily conform to the "lock and key" principle. This approach to sensing is inspired by the mammalian senses of taste and smell, which we briefly describe. To mimic senses of taste and smell, one is naturally led to the use of combinatorial libraries, a direction of research that has seen continued growth over the past few years. We summarize the current state of the art in synthetic combinatorial receptors/sensors, and then predict a future direction that the field of molecular recognition will possibly take. The review is not meant for the specialist, but instead for a general audience. It does not present a highly detailed analysis of each individual topic: synthetic receptors, sensors, olfaction/gustation, and combinatorial receptors/sensors. Instead, this review shows how all these fields complement each other and fit together to create sensing devices. Our conclusion is that specific analyte sensing, differential sensing, and combinatorial chemistry can and will be combined to create sensor arrays, and give the subfield of molecular recognition that uses synthetic systems a bright future in this type of sensing scenario.
484 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical modeling of ionic distribution and transport in silica nanotubes, 30 nm in diameter and 5 μm long, suggest that when the diameter is smaller than the Debye length, a unipolar solution of counterions is created within the nanotube and the colons are electrostatically repelled as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Theoretical modeling of ionic distribution and transport in silica nanotubes, 30 nm in diameter and 5 μm long, suggest that when the diameter is smaller than the Debye length, a unipolar solution of counterions is created within the nanotube and the colons are electrostatically repelled By locally modifying the surface charge density through a gate electrode, the ion concentration can be depleted under the gate and the ionic current can be significantly suppressed It is proposed that this could form the basis of a unipolar ionic field-effect transistor
432 citations
Book•
30 Apr 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a theory of mixed potential theory for high-temperature corrosion and passivity in electrochemistry and electrometallurgy, including cathodic protection and anodic protection.
Abstract: Forms of Corrosion.- Electrochemistry.- Kinetics of Activation Polarization.- Kinetics of Concentration Polarization.- Mixed Potential Theory.- Corrosivity and Passivity.- Electrometallurgy.- Cathodic Protection.- Anodic Protection.- High-temperature Corrosion.
398 citations
References
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01 Jul 1984
TL;DR: A blend of erudition (fascinating and sometimes obscure historical minutiae abound), popularization (mathematical rigor is relegated to appendices) and exposition (the reader need have little knowledge of the fields involved) is presented in this article.
Abstract: "...a blend of erudition (fascinating and sometimes obscure historical minutiae abound), popularization (mathematical rigor is relegated to appendices) and exposition (the reader need have little knowledge of the fields involved) ...and the illustrations include many superb examples of computer graphics that are works of art in their own right." Nature
7,560 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1965
734 citations
"Electrochemistry: Principles, Metho..." refers background in this paper
...The potential of the half-cell is altered solely by the chloride ion activity according to the expression RT Ясен = £ £ „ - —In a a (2-6)...
[...]
...then /*r=(ff) (2-13) where G is the electrochemical free energy....
[...]
Book•
01 Aug 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the Nernst potential and Gibbs energy of transfer were used for phase sensitive detection and phase transfer catalysis at L/L interfaces, respectively, in the context of phase transfer and cyclic Voltammetry.
Abstract: I Introduction- II Theory- Equilibrium Conditions- The Nernst Potential- Single Ion Gibbs Energy of Transfer- Ideally Polarizable L/L Interface- Redox System Equilibrium- III Experimental Arrangements- Electrode Configuration- Quasi-Reference Electrodes- Reference Electrodes- Four Electrode Potentiostat- Convention of Signs- Experimental Arrangements- Electrolyte Dropping Electrode- Stationary Interface- Chronopotentiometry- Cyclic Voltammetry- IV Double Layers at L/L Interfaces- V Current Flow Across the Interface- VI Mediated Properties- VII Impedance Measurements- AC Bridges- Lissajous Figures- Phase Sensitive Detection- VIII Phase Transfer Catalysis- References
92 citations
51 citations