Electrodynamics of Magnetars: Implications for the Persistent X-ray Emission and Spindown of the Soft Gamma Repeaters and Anomalous X-ray Pulsars
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...…a corona consisting mainly of relativistic electron-positron pairs can be generated by crustal magnetic field twisting/shearing due to starquakes, with the plasma density much higher (by a factor of order c/Ωr) than the Goldreich-Julian value (Thompson et al. 2002; Thompson & Beloborodov 2005)....
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...The field line twists following starquakes (and the associated X-ray burst activities) may last for years and lead to significant heating of the near vicinity of the star (Thompson et al. 2002; Thompson & Beloborodov 2005)....
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References
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"Electrodynamics of Magnetars: Impli..." refers background in this paper
...These objects where hypothesized to form through dynamo action in supernova collapse (Duncan & Thompson 1992)....
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...…supply enough energy to power the bursts, thereby matching the extreme peak luminosities of more a million times Eddington; and to confine a significant proportion of the cooling plasma over the long (> 200 s) duration of the flare (Duncan & Thompson 1992; Pacyzński 1992; Thompson & Duncan 1995)....
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...A neutron star is generically formed with strong differential rotation (because its equation of state is stiff), and will support a large-scale helical dynamo when its initial spin period is shorter than the convective overturn time of ∼ 3− 10 ms (Duncan & Thompson 1992)....
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...…young, convective neutron stars: a large-scale helical dynamo is possible when the initial spin period is shorter than ∼ 3 msec (the convective overturn time of nuclear matter from which neutrinos are escaping with a luminosity Lν ∼> 1052 erg s−1) (Duncan & Thompson 1992; Thompson & Duncan 1993)....
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"Electrodynamics of Magnetars: Impli..." refers background or methods in this paper
...A high density of pairs can be self-consistently maintained by γ − γ collisions during an SGR burst, when the plasma temperature exceeds ∼ 30 keV (Thompson and Duncan 1995, 2001)....
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...…that, further from the fireball surface, the escaping X-ray flux will become collimated along partly open magnetic field lines, as the result of the strong inequality in the scattering opacity of the two X-ray polarization modes in a super-strong magnetic field (Thompson & Duncan 1995, 2001)....
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...Implications for Giant Flare Mechanism There are two generic possibilities for the production of the giant flares of the SGRs, in the framework of our model (Thompson & Duncan 1995, 2001; Woods et al. 2001a)....
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...…constraints on the dipole fields of the SGR sources come from these independent lines of argument: i) Confinement of the relativistically hot plasma which powered the pulsating tails of the two giant flares requires magnetic fields stronger than 1014 (E/1044 erg)1/2 G (Thompson & Duncan 1995)....
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...…supply enough energy to power the bursts, thereby matching the extreme peak luminosities of more a million times Eddington; and to confine a significant proportion of the cooling plasma over the long (> 200 s) duration of the flare (Duncan & Thompson 1992; Pacyzński 1992; Thompson & Duncan 1995)....
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1,128 citations
"Electrodynamics of Magnetars: Impli..." refers background in this paper
...This striking similarity motivated the suggestion that they share a common energy source: the decay of a very strong magnetic field (Thompson & Duncan 1996, hereafter TD96)....
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980 citations
"Electrodynamics of Magnetars: Impli..." refers background or result in this paper
...(B11) is appropriate to the actively bursting SGRs 1806−20 and 1900+14, if they have purely dipolar magnetic fields (Kouveliotou et al. 1998, 1999)....
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...…Dipole Fields of the SGRs/AXPs and their Relation to Radio Pulsar Fields The polar magnetic fields16 of the two rapidly spinning down SGRs 1806−20 and 1900+14 (Kouveliotou et al. 1998, 1999, Woods et al. 2001b) are inferred to be Bpole = 1 − 3 × 1015 G from the standard magnetic dipole formula....
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...The short spindown ages of SGRs 1900+14 and 1806−20 (P/Ṗ < 3000 yrs: Kouveliotou et al. 1998, 1999; Woods et al. 2001c) seem to provide evidence, at first sight, that these sources are younger than most of the AXPs....
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...The discovery of long period pulsations in the quiescent X-ray emission of SGRs by Kouveliotou et al. (1998) has opened a rich field of timing studies of SGRs (Woods et al. 1999c, 2001b; Kaspi et al. 1999, 2001; Gavriil & Kaspi 2001), from which we are now able to obtain critical information about…...
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...Implications for SGR/AXP spindown The measured spindown of SGR 1806−20 (Kouveliotou et al. 1998) and SGR 1900+14 (Kouveliotou et al. 1999; Woods et al. 1999c; Marsden et al. 1999) corresponds to a polar dipole field Bpole ' 2×1015 G....
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