Electroless Deposition of Nickel‐Boron Alloys Mechanism of Process, Structure, and Some Properties of Deposits
01 May 1973-Journal of The Electrochemical Society (The Electrochemical Society)-Vol. 120, Iss: 5, pp 613-618
TL;DR: In this paper, the conditions for electroless nickel-boron plating, the process mechanism, and the structure of the alloys asplated and after annealing at 150°-700°C were investigated.
Abstract: The conditions for electroless nickel‐boron plating, the process mechanism, and the structure of the alloys as‐plated and after annealing at 150°–700°C were investigated. A correlation of the mechanical and magnetic properties with the changes of phase structure was established.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of a variety of factors in wear testing, on the mechanisms of wear, on characteristics of different categories of amorphous alloy, and on the effects of partial or complete crystallisation is discussed.
Abstract: Amorphous alloys, and the partially or fully crystallised materials derived from them, can have properties attractive for a diverse range of applications. In some cases, their wear resistance can be of primary concern, in others, it is an important secondary property. The distinctive mechanical properties of amorphous alloys make their wear resistance of fundamental interest also. This review focuses on the influence of a variety of factors in wear testing, on the mechanisms of wear, on the characteristics of different categories of amorphous alloy, and on the effects of partial or complete crystallisation. It is shown that amorphous alloys can have very good resistance to sliding and abrasive wear. The wear resistance of related quasicrystalline phases is also considered.
265 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hardness and wear resistance of electroless Ni-B coatings were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Leitz microhardness tester and a pin-on-disc wear test apparatus.
Abstract: The present work aims to study the hardness and wear resistance of electroless Ni–B coatings. An alkaline bath having nickel chloride as the source of nickel and borohydride as the reducing agent was used to prepare the electroless Ni–B coatings. The structure, microhardness and wear resistance of electroless Ni–B coatings, both in as-plated and heat-treated conditions, were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Leitz microhardness tester and a pin-on-disc wear test apparatus. XRD patterns reveal that electroless Ni–B coatings are amorphous in as-plated condition and undergo phase transformation to crystalline nickel and nickel borides upon heat-treatment. The microhardness of the electroless Ni–B coatings increases with increase in heat-treatment temperature and exhibit two maxima in the hardness vs. heat-treatment temperature curve. The specific wear rate increases with increase in applied load from 20 to 40 N and at all applied loads, the specific wear rate and coefficient of friction are less for heat-treated electroless Ni–B deposits compared to that obtained for as-plated ones. The wear process of electroless Ni–B coatings is governed by an adhesive wear mechanism.
247 citations
TL;DR: This review article provides a detailed overview on how to chemically fabricate SMEs, including the material preparation, fabrication technologies, methods to characterize their key properties, and representative studies on different wearable applications.
Abstract: Flexible and wearable electronics is one major technology after smartphones. It shows remarkable application potential in displays and informatics, robotics, sports, energy harvesting and storage, and medicine. As an indispensable part and the cornerstone of these devices, soft metal electrodes (SMEs) are of great significance. Compared with conventional physical processes such as vacuum thermal deposition and sputtering, chemical approaches for preparing SMEs show significant advantages in terms of scalability, low-cost, and compatibility with the soft materials and substrates used for the devices. This review article provides a detailed overview on how to chemically fabricate SMEs, including the material preparation, fabrication technologies, methods to characterize their key properties, and representative studies on different wearable applications.
222 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mechanism for the reactions in electroless plating solutions with different reducing agents is proposed based on the formation of atomic hydrogen during the oxidation of the reducing agents.
Abstract: A mechanism is proposed for the reactions in electroless plating solutions with different reducing agents. The mechanism is based on the formation of atomic hydrogen during the oxidation of the reducing agents. The hydrogen atoms can either be oxidized or be desorbed as a gas. The mechanism accounts for both the electrochemical and the catalytic nature of the process.
183 citations
25 Oct 1991-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of electrochemical aspects of electroless plating in four sections: electrochemical polarization behaviors, catalytic aspects, mechanism of anodic oxidation of reductants, and methods for determination of the rate of the plating.
Abstract: The present review describes the electrochemical aspects of electroless plating in four sections: (1) electrochemical polarization behaviours; (2) catalytic aspects of electroless plating; (3) mechanism of anodic oxidation of reductants; (4) methods for determination of the rate of electroless plating. It is stressed that electrochemical polarization studies in an electroless plating bath is a powerful method for assessing the adaptability of the bath and for obtaining mechanistic information, although the anodic and cathodic reactions are more or less interdependent when they occur simultaneously. Catalytic aspects of electroless plating are discussed on the basis of the polarization curves for the anodic oxidation of reductants. The mechanism of anodic oxidation of reductants is discussed on the basis of a computer simulation of the current density-potential curve assuming several reaction schemes. Attention is focused especially on the occurrence of the volcano-shaped polarization curve. It is established that the polarization resistance (the slope of the current-potential curve at the electroless plating potential) is inversely proportional to the rate of electroless plating.
146 citations