Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Through Rain
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146 citations
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...…of rain-rate and rain-attenuation has naturally attracted a great deal of attention — for instance this kind of work has earlier been carried out for USA [12], Europe [12, 14,Gunes et al., 1994], Malaysia [3], Colombia [13] and on global scale by ITUR [10], Salonen and Baptisa [16], Crane, 1996....
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129 citations
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...I. INTRODUCTION T HE INCREASING demand for broadband multimediacommunications coupled with new millimeter-wave spectrum issued by governments throughout the world has motivated extensive research in new wireless services such as local multipoint distribution systems (LMDS), mobile broadband systems…...
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116 citations
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...Crane (1996) gives an extended overview of the statistics and structure of rain....
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109 citations
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...A logical extension is that the distribution of rainrate at two points on the horizontal plane is jointly lognormal [21] with probability density function (pdf) given by (1) at the bottom of the next page, where and are the point rainfall rates (millimeter/hour) for the two locations 1 and 2, respectively, of interest and is the cross-correlation factor between and ....
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...It is also inspired from the seminal works in [19]–[21] which to a lesser extent attempted to achieve very similar objectives....
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96 citations
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...For the statistical computation, we have used a model provided in [14], which allows the estimation of the annual probability of attenuation as a function of several parameters....
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...Attenuation by snow, fog, and gases can be found in more detail in [9], [11]–[14]....
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...After [14], the two-way attenuation for a given instant of time can be obtained by integrating the specific attenuation along the path of propagation using the following expression:...
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...between specific attenuation γ(x, t) and rain rate R is provided [14], [17], [18]....
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