‘Electronic Noses’ and Their Application to Food
Citations
999 citations
926 citations
Cites background from "‘Electronic Noses’ and Their Applic..."
...Electronic nose systems comprise sophisticated hardware, with sensors, electronics, pumps, flow controllers, software, data pre-processing, statistical analysis (Schaller et al., 1998)....
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...The ideal sensors to be integrated in an electronic nose should fulfil the following criteria (Schaller et al., 1998): high sensitivity (down to 10−12 g/ml), they must respond to different compounds present in the headspace of the sample; high stability and reproducibility; short recovery time;…...
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...The electronic nose ‘Electronic nose’ systems have advanced rapidly during the past 10 years, the majority of applications being within the food and drink industry (Gardner and Bartlett, 1992; DiNatale et al., 1997; Kress-Rogers, 1997; Haugen and Kvaal, 1998; Schaller et al., 1998)....
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887 citations
Cites background or methods from "‘Electronic Noses’ and Their Applic..."
...Conductive polymer gas sensors consist of a substrate, usually silicon, a pair of gold-plated electrodes and a conducting organic polymer coating as the sensing element [72]....
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...[72] provided a very good review of electronic-nose systems that have been used for various applications with different types of foods....
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...They were first used commercially in the 1960s as household gas alarms in Japan [72]....
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...Commercially available analysis techniques fall into three main categories as follows [72]: 1....
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...They used a polypyrrole sensor array system for the detection of Serpula lacrymans, a wood destroying dry rot fungus responsible for millions of dollars of damage annually to buildings containing lumber or timbers in Northern and Central Europe, Australia, and Japan....
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744 citations
Cites background or methods from "‘Electronic Noses’ and Their Applic..."
...Coatings can be between 10 nm and 1mm and are applied using spincoating, airbrushing, inkjet printing or dip coating, (Schaller et al., 1998)....
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...Gas sensing MOSFETs are produced by microfabrication, therefore reproducibility is quite good and the sensor can be incorporated into CMOS technology resulting in small, low cost sensors (Dickinson et al., 1998; Gu et al., 1998; Nagle et al., 1998; Pearce et al., 2003; Schaller et al., 1998; )....
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...The grain size of the oxide also affects the sensitivity and selectivity to particular gases as the grain boundaries act as scattering centres for the electrons (Schaller et al., 1998)....
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...The factors that affect the sensitivity of FET-based devices are operating temperature, composition and structure of the catalytic metal (Lundstrom et al., 1995; Schaller et al., 1998)....
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...However, SAW devices suffer from poor signal to noise performance because of the high frequencies at which they operate, (Schaller et al., 1998) and the circuitry required to operate them is complex and expensive (Pearce et al., 2003)....
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464 citations
References
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