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Journal ArticleDOI

Elimination of spatial Rabi frequency modulation by sideband suppression with a calcite crystal

01 Dec 2021-Applied Physics B (Springer Science and Business Media LLC)-Vol. 127, Iss: 12
About: This article is published in Applied Physics B.The article was published on 2021-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sideband & Rabi frequency.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a single diode laser operating at 780 nm and adding only one fiber electro-optical modulator, one acousto-optic modulator and one laser amplifier were used to produce laser beams at all the frequencies required for a Rb-87 atomic gravimeter.
Abstract: Nowadays, atom-based quantum sensors are leaving the laboratory towards field applications requiring compact and robust laser systems. Here we describe the realization of a compact laser system for atomic gravimetry. Starting with a single diode laser operating at 780 nm and adding only one fiber electro-optical modulator, one acousto-optical modulator and one laser amplifier we produce laser beams at all the frequencies required for a Rb-87 atomic gravimeter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an atomic fountain configuration can also be implemented with our laser system. The modulated system reported here represents a substantial advance in the simplification of the laser source for transportable atom-based quantum sensors that can be adapted to other sensors such as atomic clocks, accelerometers, gyroscopes or magnetometers with minor modifications.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanical effects of stimulated Raman transitions on atoms have been used to demonstrate a matter-wave interferometer with laser-cooled sodium atoms that has observed interference for wave packets that have been separated by as much as 2.4 mm.
Abstract: The mechanical effects of stimulated Raman transitions on atoms have been used to demonstrate a matter-wave interferometer with laser-cooled sodium atoms. Interference has been observed for wave packets that have been separated by as much as 2.4 mm. Using the interferometer as an inertial sensor, the acceleration of a sodium atom due to gravity has been measured with a resolution of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ after 1000 sec of integration time.

1,095 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review and illustrate the theory and experiments with atomic ensembles that have demonstrated many-particle entanglement and quantum-enhanced metrology.
Abstract: Quantum technologies exploit entanglement to revolutionize computing, measurements, and communications. This has stimulated the research in different areas of physics to engineer and manipulate fragile many-particle entangled states. Progress has been particularly rapid for atoms. Thanks to the large and tunable nonlinearities and the well-developed techniques for trapping, controlling, and counting, many groundbreaking experiments have demonstrated the generation of entangled states of trapped ions, cold, and ultracold gases of neutral atoms. Moreover, atoms can strongly couple to external forces and fields, which makes them ideal for ultraprecise sensing and time keeping. All these factors call for generating nonclassical atomic states designed for phase estimation in atomic clocks and atom interferometers, exploiting many-body entanglement to increase the sensitivity of precision measurements. The goal of this article is to review and illustrate the theory and the experiments with atomic ensembles that have demonstrated many-particle entanglement and quantum-enhanced metrology.

831 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Apr 2010-Nature
TL;DR: The experimental generation of multi-particle entanglement on an atom chip is reported by controlling elastic collisional interactions with a state-dependent potential to generate spin-squeezed states of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate; such states are a useful resource for quantum metrology.
Abstract: Atom chips provide a versatile quantum laboratory for experiments with ultracold atomic gases. They have been used in diverse experiments involving low-dimensional quantum gases, cavity quantum electrodynamics, atom-surface interactions, and chip-based atomic clocks and interferometers. However, a severe limitation of atom chips is that techniques to control atomic interactions and to generate entanglement have not been experimentally available so far. Such techniques enable chip-based studies of entangled many-body systems and are a key prerequisite for atom chip applications in quantum simulations, quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Here we report the experimental generation of multi-particle entanglement on an atom chip by controlling elastic collisional interactions with a state-dependent potential. We use this technique to generate spin-squeezed states of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate; such states are a useful resource for quantum metrology. The observed reduction in spin noise of -3.7 +/- 0.4 dB, combined with the spin coherence, implies four-partite entanglement between the condensate atoms; this could be used to improve an interferometric measurement by -2.5 +/- 0.6 dB over the standard quantum limit. Our data show good agreement with a dynamical multi-mode simulation and allow us to reconstruct the Wigner function of the spin-squeezed condensate. The techniques reported here could be directly applied to chip-based atomic clocks, currently under development.

721 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Jun 2014-Nature
TL;DR: The precise determination of G is reported using laser-cooled atoms and quantum interferometry to identify the systematic errors that have proved elusive in previous experiments, thus improving the confidence in the value of G.
Abstract: Determination of the gravitational constant G using laser-cooled atoms and quantum interferometry, a technique that gives new insight into the systematic errors that have proved elusive in previous experiments, yields a value that has a relative uncertainty of 150 parts per million and which differs from the current recommended value by 1.5 combined standard deviations. The Newtonian gravitational constant G, also known as the universal gravitational constant or 'big G', is a fundamental physical constant that is used in the calculation of gravitational attraction between two bodies. There are several ways to measure G with high precision, but these measurements disagree, presumably because of the intervention of unknown errors in the different experiments. With the aim of identifying and ultimately removing the systematic errors that give rise to these discrepancies, Gabriele Rosi and colleagues have carried out a high-precision measurement of G using quantum interferometry with laser-cooled atoms, an experimental approach that differs radically from previous determinations. The authors obtain a value for G with a precision of ∼0.015% — approaching that of the traditional measurements, and with prospects for considerable further improvement. Although this result doesn't yet solve the problem of the discrepant measurements, the use of such a radically different technique holds promise for identifying the systematic errors that have plagued previous determinations. About 300 experiments have tried to determine the value of the Newtonian gravitational constant, G, so far, but large discrepancies in the results have made it impossible to know its value precisely1. The weakness of the gravitational interaction and the impossibility of shielding the effects of gravity make it very difficult to measure G while keeping systematic effects under control. Most previous experiments performed were based on the torsion pendulum or torsion balance scheme as in the experiment by Cavendish2 in 1798, and in all cases macroscopic masses were used. Here we report the precise determination of G using laser-cooled atoms and quantum interferometry. We obtain the value G = 6.67191(99) × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 with a relative uncertainty of 150 parts per million (the combined standard uncertainty is given in parentheses). Our value differs by 1.5 combined standard deviations from the current recommended value of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology3. A conceptually different experiment such as ours helps to identify the systematic errors that have proved elusive in previous experiments, thus improving the confidence in the value of G. There is no definitive relationship between G and the other fundamental constants, and there is no theoretical prediction for its value, against which to test experimental results. Improving the precision with which we know G has not only a pure metrological interest, but is also important because of the key role that G has in theories of gravitation, cosmology, particle physics and astrophysics and in geophysical models.

621 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new measurement of the ratio between the Planck constant and the mass of an atom was reported, with a relative uncertainty of $6.6\times 10^{-10}.
Abstract: We report a new measurement of the ratio $h/m_{\mathrm{Rb}}$ between the Planck constant and the mass of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atom. A new value of the fine structure constant is deduced, $\alpha^{-1}=137.035\,999\,037\,(91)$ with a relative uncertainty of $6.6\times 10^{-10}$. Using this determination, we obtain a theoretical value of the electron anomaly $a_\mathrm{e}=0.001~159~652~181~13(84)$ which is in agreement with the experimental measurement of Gabrielse ($a_\mathrm{e}=0.001~159~652~180~73(28)$). The comparison of these values provides the most stringent test of the QED. Moreover, the precision is large enough to verify for the first time the muonic and hadronic contributions to this anomaly.

456 citations