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Employment status and perceived health condition: longitudinal data from Italy
TL;DR: Evidence is offered on the relationship between self-reported health and the employment status in Italy using the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), which finds that temporary workers, first-job seekers and unemployed individuals are worse off than permanent employees.
Abstract: The considerable increase of non-standard labor contracts, unemployment and inactivity rates raises the question of whether job insecurity and the lack of job opportunities affect physical and mental well-being differently from being employed with an open-ended contract. In this paper we offer evidence on the relationship between Self Reported Health Status (SRHS) and the employment status in Italy using the Survey on Household Income and Wealth; another aim is to investigate whether these potential inequalities have changed with the recent economic downturn (time period 2006-2010). We estimate an ordered logit model with SRHS as response variable based on a fixed-effects approach which has certain advantages with respect to the random-effects formulation and has not been applied before with SRHS data. The fixed-effects nature of the model also allows us to solve the problems of incidental parameters and non-random selection of individuals into different labor market categories. We find that temporary workers, unemployed and inactive individuals are worse off than permanent employees, especially males, young workers, and those living in the center and south of Italy. Health inequalities between unemployed/inactive and permanent workers widen over time for males and young workers, and arise in the north of the country as well.
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TL;DR: It is concluded that periods of economic recession are possibly associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems, including common mental disorders, substance disorders, and ultimately suicidal behaviour.
Abstract: Countries in recession experience high unemployment rates and a decline in living conditions, which, it has been suggested, negatively influences their populations’ health. The present review examines the recent evidence of the possible association between economic recessions and mental health outcomes. Literature review of records identified through Medline, PsycINFO, SciELO, and EBSCO Host. Only original research papers, published between 2004 and 2014, peer-reviewed, non-qualitative research, and reporting on associations between economic factors and proxies of mental health were considered. One-hundred-one papers met the inclusion criteria. The evidence was consistent that economic recessions and mediators such as unemployment, income decline, and unmanageable debts are significantly associated with poor mental wellbeing, increased rates of common mental disorders, substance-related disorders, and suicidal behaviours. On the basis of a thorough analysis of the selected investigations, we conclude that periods of economic recession are possibly associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems, including common mental disorders, substance disorders, and ultimately suicidal behaviour. Most of the research is based on cross-sectional studies, which seriously limits causality inferences. Conclusions are summarised, taking into account international policy recommendations concerning the cost-effective measures that can possibly reduce the occurrence of negative mental health outcomes in populations during periods of economic recession.
386 citations
Cites background from "Employment status and perceived hea..."
...[29] National population sample, Italy Cohort 37,782 (2006–2010) 15–64 y Inter-time Variables Psychosocial/economic indicators Pre- and post- recession period Employment Status Psychological Well-being Self-rated health Temporary workers, first job seekers and unemployed individuals all perceive their health as being worse than permanent workers do....
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...viduals were amplified after the onset of the recession [29]....
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...tion [28, 29, 33, 39], although Icelandic and Swedish...
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TL;DR: There is evidence that young people are especially vulnerable to health problems when unemployed or working in precarious conditions, and active labour market and training programmes, inclusive social security measures, improved working conditions and targeted health programmes are important for addressing this vulnerability.
Abstract: Background: The impact of unemployment and precarious employment on the health of young people is not well understood. However, according to social causation, higher socio-economic positions and th...
101 citations
Cites background from "Employment status and perceived hea..."
...Lack of economic and social benefits [36, 42, 48, 67, 70, 79]...
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...[12, 35-79] in the actual review (see Figure 1)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply a dynamic panel data estimator (system GMM) to account for both unobserved confounders and reverse causality, and find strong support for the causality thesis.
47 citations
TL;DR: Race by gender heterogeneity in the residual effect of restless sleep over depressive symptoms on CMC over 25 years suggests that comorbid poor sleep and depressive symptoms differently contribute to development of multi-morbidity among subpopulations based on the intersection of race and gender.
Abstract: Sleep and depression are comorbid problems that contribute to the development of chronic medical conditions (CMC) over time. Although racial and gender differences in the bidirectional associations between sleep, depression, and CMC are known, very limited information exists on heterogeneity of the residual effects of sleep problems over depressive symptoms on CMC across race by gender groups. Using a life-course perspective, the present study compared race by gender groups for residual effects of restless sleep over depressive symptoms on CMC. We used data from waves 1 (year 1986), 4 (year 2001), and 5 (year 2011) of the Americans’ Changing Lives Study (ACL). The study followed 294 White men, 108 Black men, 490 White women, and 237 Black women for 25 years. Restless sleep, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale [CES-D]), and number of chronic medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and arthritis) were measured in 1986, 2001, and 2011. We employed multi-group cross-lagged modeling, with chronic medical conditions as the outcome and race by gender as the groups. Major group differences were found in the residual effect of restless sleep on CMC over depressive symptoms across race by gender groups. Restless sleep in 2001 predicted CMC 10 years later in 2011 among Black women (standardized adjusted B = .135, P .05). Race by gender heterogeneity in the residual effect of restless sleep over depressive symptoms on CMC over 25 years suggests that comorbid poor sleep and depressive symptoms differently contribute to development of multi-morbidity among subpopulations based on the intersection of race and gender. Thus, interventions that try to prevent comorbid sleep problems and depression as a strategy to prevent medical conditions may benefit from tailoring based on the intersection of race and gender.
46 citations
TL;DR: Mental health was generally poorer in both male and female employees as a result of precarious employment, and males were also at higher risk of mortality.
Abstract: Aim:Precarious employment is known to be detrimental to health, and some population subgroups (young individuals, migrant workers, and females) are at higher risk of precarious employment. However,...
33 citations
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TL;DR: This study indicates that the complexity of the selection process for entering VR and various factors beyond disability may prevent individuals to benefit from the VR programme.
Abstract: "This is a copy of an article published in the DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION © 2017 TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD"
6 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of precarious employment on mental health, self-rated health and happiness in marriage in the Arab world using the Survey of Yong People in Egypt (SYPE) conducted in 2009 and 2014.
Abstract: The work environment has witnessed dramatic changes over the past three decades as a result of globalization, competition, and economic uncertainty, which led to a sharp rise in precarious employment across the world. Although the number of precarious jobs has increased considerably in the Arab countries over the recent decades, little is known about such jobs’ social and health consequences. Using Egypt as a case study, this paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by adding new evidence on the social consequences of precarious employment from an understudied region. This paper particularly looks at the impact of precarious employment on mental health, self-rated health and happiness in marriage. We use longitudinal data from the Survey of Yong People in Egypt (SYPE) conducted in 2009 and 2014. To estimate the causal impact of precarious employment, we employ several identification strategies, namely fixed and random effect regressions and instrumental variable two stage least squares. Our findings suggest that precarious employment is associated with poor mental health and worse well-being among youth. Our main findings remained across different identification strategies with different assumptions. The adverse impact of precarious work is likely to be mediated, though in some models it is a partial mediation, through poor working conditions such as low salary, maltreatment at work, job insecurity, and harassment from colleagues.
5 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of changes in HRQL of adults in the broader area of Athens between 2003 and 2016 and their association with certain socio-demographic determinants showed that physical component summary score (PCS) has improved and Mental Component Summary score has deteriorated.
Abstract: Trends of person-oriented indices with respect to the general population have not been adequately investigated. In Athens, two Health Surveys in 2003 and 2016 provide the opportunity to analyze HRQL in the general adult population. The objectives of this study were to investigate changes in HRQL of adults in the broader area of Athens between 2003 and 2016 and their association with certain socio-demographic determinants. We compared participants from pre- and during-crisis cross-sectional surveys. We used data from 982 and 1060 adult residents of Athens from 2003 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Income-related missing data were treated using three alternative methods. Subscale and summary component SF-36 scores were compared with Mann–Whitney tests and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of demographic and socio-economic variables on HRQL before and after the onset of crisis. The analysis was based on the results of the procedure of handling missing income data as a separate income group and showed that physical component summary score (PCS) has improved and Mental Component Summary score has deteriorated. The most important predictors of HRQL were being widowed and during the crisis not being employed. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics explained a higher proportion of variance of HRQL after the onset of crisis, especially for PCS. Decline in mental and improvement in physical HRQL were observed between 2003 and 2016. HRQL has been certainly affected by the recession, but it is difficult to estimate the exact impact of the financial crisis on HRQL.
5 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of successful rehabilitation seems to be related to the demographic, disability, and pre-service characteristics, but not necessarily the provider factors.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the incidence of successful rehabilitation, defined as 90 successive days in employment, within individuals with disabilities receiving occupational/vocational training (OVT) service. Method The follow-up records between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2012 of 5313 individuals aged 15-55 who obtained OVT in the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program of the State of Illinois were examined. Cox regression models were used to analyze the effect of study factors on VR outcomes. Results After controlling for the other factors, males (incidence ratio [IR] 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20), individuals with learning disability (IR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.26), had existing employment (IR 1.40, 95% CI 1.26-1.56), and persons who were referred from educational institutions (IR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01-1.36) or community agencies (IR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.48) appeared to have a relatively high incidence of successful rehabilitation. In contrast, those who lived in densely populated areas (IR ranged from 0.56 to 0.89), had physical disability (IR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.88), had disability of most significant degree (IR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.93), and persons with Supplemental Security Income/Social Security Disability Insurance supports (IR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.94), tended to have a lower incidence of rehabilitation than their counterparts. Conclusion The incidence of successful rehabilitation seems to be related to the demographic, disability, and pre-service characteristics, but not necessarily the provider factors.
5 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the women experiencing upward intergenerational educational mobility have significantly higher chances of experiencing good overall health compared to the women who are having same or lesser level of education as that of their mothers.
Abstract: This study aims to analyse the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and the overall health of the Indian women. It uses a nationally representative survey, India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2011-12, and logistic regressions to study this relationship. The sample comprises of women aged 45 years and older. We find that the women experiencing upward intergenerational educational mobility (vis-a-vis their mothers) have significantly higher chances of experiencing good overall health compared to the women who are having same or lesser level of education as that of their mothers. Besides, women suffering from short term or major morbidity have remarkably lower chances of having overall good health. Also, women from rural India have significantly lesser chances of having overall good health as compared to that of urban areas. Further, Muslim women have lesser chances of having overall good health as that of women from other religious categories. Moreover, there is a significant variation in the overall health of women as we move from the eastern region to the western region of India.
5 citations