Emulating DC constant power load: a robust sliding mode control approach
TL;DR: In this article, an emulation of a programmable power electronic, constant power load (CPL) using a dc/dc step-up (boost) converter is presented, which is controlled by a robust sliding mode controller (SMC).
Abstract: This article presents emulation of a programmable power electronic, constant power load (CPL) using a dc/dc step-up (boost) converter. The converter is controlled by a robust sliding mode controller (SMC). A novel switching surface is proposed to ensure a required power sunk by the converter. The proposed dc CPL is simple in design, has fast dynamic response and high accuracy, and offers an inexpensive alternative to study converters for cascaded dc distribution power system applications. Furthermore, the proposed CPL is sufficiently robust against the input voltage variations. A laboratory prototype of the proposed dc CPL has been developed and validated with SMC realised through OPAL-RT platform. The capability of the proposed dc CPL is confirmed via experimentations in varied scenarios.
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TL;DR: An intelligent proportional-integral based on sliding mode (SM) observer to mitigate the destructive impedance instabilities of nonideal CPLs with time-varying nature in the ultralocal model sense is addressed.
Abstract: The nonlinearities and unmodeled dynamics inevitably degrade the quality and reliability of power conversion, and as a result, pose big challenges on higher-performance voltage stabilization of dc–dc buck converters. The stability of such power electronic equipment is further threatened when feeding the nonideal constant power loads (CPLs) because of the induced negative impedance specifications. In response to these challenges, the advanced regulatory and technological mechanisms associated with the converters require to be developed to efficiently implement these interface systems in the microgrid configuration. This article addresses an intelligent proportional-integral based on sliding mode (SM) observer to mitigate the destructive impedance instabilities of nonideal CPLs with time-varying nature in the ultralocal model sense. In particular, in the current article, an auxiliary deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) controller is adaptively developed to decrease the observer estimation error and further ameliorate the dynamic characteristics of dc–dc buck converters. The design of the DDPG is realized in two parts: (i) an actor-network which generates the policy commands, while (ii) a critic-network evaluates the quality of the policy command generated by the actor. The suggested strategy establishes the DDPG-based control to handle for what the iPI-based SM observer is unable to compensate. In this application, the weight coefficients of the actor and critic networks are trained based on the reward feedback of the voltage error, by using the gradient descent scheme. Finally, to investigate the merits and implementation feasibility of the suggested method, some experimental results on a laboratory prototype of the dc–dc buck converter, which feeds a time-varying CPL, are presented.
62 citations
Cites background from "Emulating DC constant power load: a..."
...CPL in the dc–dc converters poses a destabilizing impact on the circuit and can result in a sever voltage distractions [30], [31]....
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TL;DR: A digital control method that does not need any comparator is developed and has excellent dynamic performance thanks to its feature of reference tracking in only one switching period.
Abstract: In this study, Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm and Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm are combined to improve the dynamic performance of the control structu...
40 citations
Cites result from "Emulating DC constant power load: a..."
...Some recent studies (Errouissi, Al-Durra, & Muyeen, 2016; Khosravi et al., 2017; Singh et al., 2017; ValdezResendiz et al., 2017) using these techniques are compared with the presented study....
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...Among the compared studies except from this study, the lowest dynamic response time is obtained in Singh et al. (2017), in which the step change analysis has been performed by doubling and then reducing the reference current....
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01 May 2018
TL;DR: The study shows that switching converters with a series inductor at the input port may behave as an instantaneous constant power load under sliding-mode control based on a nonlinear switching surface representing the error between the input power of the converter and a suitable power reference.
Abstract: In this paper, a systematic approach is presented to synthesize constant power loads using switching converters under sliding mode control. The study shows that switching converters with a series inductor at the input port may behave as an instantaneous constant power load under sliding-mode control based on a nonlinear switching surface representing the error between the input power of the converter and a suitable power reference. With the proposed approach, the synthesis and design of constant power loads is simple. The synthesized loads can offer an inexpensive alternative to analyze switching converters feeding constant power loads such as in dc distributed power systems and electric vehicles. The theoretical derivations are validated by numerical simulations performed on the detailed switched model of boost, SEPIC and Cuk converters.
13 citations
TL;DR: The proposed adaptive perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm provides better results using the OPAL-RT simulator compared to the P&O method using MATLAB/SIMULINK™.
Abstract: This paper proposes an adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method to achieve the maximum power from the wind turbine (WT) power generation system. The MPPT control method has a vit...
11 citations
TL;DR: The design procedure yields a simple, economical and small-size prototype that can be useful in the experimental validation of converters supplying constant power loads and establishes the existence conditions for sliding-mode and the stability of the resulting ideal dynamics.
Abstract: This paper presents a systematic approach to synthetize constant power loads using switching converters under sliding-mode control. The generation of sliding motions is analyzed in converters with a series inductor in the input port and a switching function representing the error between the input power and a suitable power reference. The analysis establishes the existence conditions for sliding-mode and the stability of the resulting ideal dynamics. Simulation and experimental results verifying the theoretical predictions in boost, Cuk and SEPIC converters illustrate the proposal. The design procedure yields a simple, economical and small-size prototype that can be useful in the experimental validation of converters supplying constant power loads.
8 citations
Cites methods from "Emulating DC constant power load: a..."
...A third approach is based on the use of SMC with a nonlinear switching surface in a boost converter, which emulates successfully a CPL in [25] showing the advantages of this type of control in the presence of line and load...
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References
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21 May 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a circuit designed to emulate the dynamic behavior of power system loads is presented, constructed from common analog components and is fully reconfigurable via a set of analog input signals.
Abstract: Emulation of power system dynamic load behavior is a viable alternative to popular simulation methods. In this paper, a circuit designed to emulate the dynamic behavior of power system loads is presented. It is constructed from common analog components and is fully reconfigurable via a set of analog input signals. As load behavior is heavily dependent on that of the external network, it is important to demonstrate how this reconfigurable analog load emulation module (RALEM) may be utilized in dynamic power flow studies. Such a demonstration is presented. These studies provide the network's transient and steady-state flow of power in real-time or faster. This is of importance as popular simulation methods cannot provide a solution with such speed.
16 citations
"Emulating DC constant power load: a..." refers background or methods in this paper
...A configurable load module to emulate composite ZIP (constant impedance/current/power) characteristics of power system loads using reconfigurable analog circuit is presented in Deese and Nwankpa (2006)....
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...Some other methods of ac/dc load emulation are reported in Chang, Lin, Jung, and Tzou (1997), Deese and Nwankpa (2006), Hsieh and Li (1993), Kazerani (2008), Konig, CONTACT Deepak Fulwani df@iitj.ac.in Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342011,…...
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...Chang et al. (1997), Deese and Nwankpa (2006), Hsieh and Li (1993), Kazerani (2008), Newton et al. (1995) and Rao and Chandorkar (2010) have presented emulation of controllable AC loads....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the analysis, design, and output voltage regulation of a negative-output elementary boost converter operated in the continuous conduction mode using a hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller.
Abstract: This article presents the analysis, design, and output voltage regulation of a negative-output elementary boost converter operated in the continuous conduction mode using a hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller for applications requiring the constant power source in medical equipment, telecom, industrial, and military/aerospace telemetry applications. The negative-output elementary boost converter is a new series of attractive DC-DC converters possessing high-voltage transfer gain, high power density, high efficiency, and reduced output voltage and inductor current ripples. Due to the time-varying and switching properties of the negative-output elementary boost converter, its dynamic characteristic becomes highly non-linear. In order to improve the dynamics performance and output voltage regulation of the negative-output elementary boost converter, a hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller is developed. The hysteresis modulation sliding-mode controller is designed for the inherently...
13 citations
"Emulating DC constant power load: a..." refers methods in this paper
...SMC ensures invariance towards variation in load, parameters and this controller is widely used to regulate power converters (Kumar & Jeevananthan, 2012; Martinez-Salamero et al., 2013; Oucheriah & Guo, 2013; Ravichandran et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2014)....
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...…known for its robustness to input, load disturbances and system parameters, has been widely used for control and regulation of dc/dc converters (Kumar & Jeevananthan, 2012; Martinez-Salamero, Garcia, Orellana, Lahore, & Estibals, 2013; Oucheriah & Guo, 2013; Ravichandran, Vutukuru, & Patnaik,…...
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TL;DR: In this paper, a high voltage step-up non-isolated DC-DC converter based on coupled inductors suitable to photovoltaic (PV) systems applications is proposed.
Abstract: A high voltage step-up nonisolated DC–DC converter based on coupled inductors suitable to photovoltaic (PV) systems applications is proposed in this paper. Considering that numerous approaches exist to extend the voltage conversion ratio of DC–DC converters that do not use transformers, a detailed comparison is also presented among the proposed converter and other popular topologies such as the conventional boost converter and the quadratic boost converter. The qualitative analysis of the coupled-inductor-based topology is developed so that a design procedure can be obtained, from which an experimental prototype is implemented to validate the theoretical assumptions.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an AC active load simulator circuit which can simulate a desired load impedance with a power factor from zero to unity (leading or lagging) for the tested AC source is realized and tested.
Abstract: An AC active load simulator circuit which can simulate a desired load impedance with a power factor from zero to unity (leading or lagging) for the tested AC source is realized and tested. An interface circuit is designed to compute the simulated current waveform for the load-driver circuit according to the specified program of the system control unit and the measured source frequency and voltage amplitude. Both inductive and capacitive loads can be simulated by adjusting the phase difference between the voltage and current waveforms. A software feedback control approach is employed to adjust the current amplitude and the power factor for the purpose of maintaining the impedance value constant regardless of the variation of the source voltage amplitude. >
10 citations
"Emulating DC constant power load: a..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Hsieh and Li (1993) have proposed an active load simulator to mimic the AC load with power factor 0–1 (lagging/ leading) for the testing of AC sources....
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...Some other methods of ac/dc load emulation are reported in Chang, Lin, Jung, and Tzou (1997), Deese and Nwankpa (2006), Hsieh and Li (1993), Kazerani (2008), Konig, CONTACT Deepak Fulwani df@iitj.ac.in Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342011,…...
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...Chang et al. (1997), Deese and Nwankpa (2006), Hsieh and Li (1993), Kazerani (2008), Newton et al. (1995) and Rao and Chandorkar (2010) have presented emulation of controllable AC loads....
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01 Nov 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a controllable DC load with regenerative capability is introduced and tested for test stations for battery-electric and fuel cell-electric vehicles, which can emulate the drivetrain power requirements from the viewpoint of highvoltage DC bus, during any arbitrary drive-cycle consisting of periods of acceleration, cruising, deceleration and stopping.
Abstract: Programmable DC loads presently available on the market lack power reversal capability, which is an essential feature required for testing various topologies and power management algorithms for electric vehicle powertrains. In this paper, a controllable DC load with regenerative capability is introduced and tested. It is shown through analysis and simulation that the proposed load can be controlled to emulate the drivetrain power requirements from the viewpoint of highvoltage DC bus, during any arbitrary drive-cycle consisting of periods of acceleration, cruising, deceleration and stopping. The proposed load has the potential of being incorporated in test stations for battery-electric and fuel cell-electric vehicles.
9 citations