Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for Single-Stage Three-Phase PFC Converter in Electric Vehicle Charging Application
28 Feb 2020-Vol. 6, Iss: 1, pp 334-345
TL;DR: The modular three-phase ac–dc converter using single-phase isolated Ćuk rectifier modules for charging of electric vehicles is discussed, and the adopted topology serves as a fitting single-stage solution for balanced three- phase systems.
Abstract: In this article, the modular three-phase ac–dc converter using single-phase isolated C uk rectifier modules for charging of electric vehicles is discussed. The converters are designed and analyzed for the continuous conduction mode (CCM). This article is based on a new concept of adaptive sliding-mode-based loss-free resistor (ASLFR). ASLFR is a control scheme, which allows dual aim of power factor correction along with tight voltage regulation; hence, the adopted topology serves as a fitting single-stage solution for balanced three-phase systems. Complete theory is developed for the application, and the effectiveness of the scheme is well-established. Various studies to confirm the robustness of the system to any load and line variation are carried out. Moreover, a qualitative analysis is also made to show the expediency of the proposed ASLFR. Simulation as well as experimental studies are claimed theoretically.
Citations
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01 Aug 2020
9 citations
TL;DR: Experiments show that optimization-based SMC contributes to the overall dynamic performance of the onboard battery charger.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive review of EV charging technologies, international standards, the architecture of EVs charging stations, and the power converter configurations of EV systems is presented, along with future trends and challenges in EV charging and grid integration issues.
Abstract: Electric Vehicles (EVs) are projected to be one of the major contributors to energy transition in global transportation due to their rapid expansion. High-level of EVs integration into the electricity grid will introduce many challenges for the power grid planning, operation, stability, standards, and safety. Therefore, the wide-scale adoption of EVs imposes research and development of charging systems and EV supply equipment (EVSE) to achieve expected charging solutions for EV batteries as well as to improve ancillary services. Analysis of the status of EV charging technologies is important to accelerate EV adoption with advanced control strategies to discover a remedial solution for negative impacts and to enhance desired charging efficiency and grid support. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EV charging technologies, international standards, the architecture of EV charging stations, and the power converter configurations of EV charging systems. The charging systems require a dedicated converter topology, a control strategy, compatibility with standards, and grid codes for charging and discharging to ensure optimum operation and enhance grid support. An overview of different charging systems in terms of onboard and off-board chargers, AC-DC and DC-DC converter configuration, and AC and DC-based charging station architectures are evaluated. In addition, recent charging systems which are integrated with renewable energy sources are presented to identify the power train of modern charging stations. Finally, future trends and challenges in EV charging and grid integration issues are summarized as the future direction of the research.
4 citations
TL;DR: An analysis of the transient behavior of dc networks consisting of voltage sources, capacitors, and series loss-free resistors (SLFRs) is presented and it is demonstrated that even simple RC circuits containing SLFRs exhibit behavior that is described by Abel nonlinear differential equations.
Abstract: An analysis of the transient behavior of dc networks consisting of voltage sources, capacitors, and series loss-free resistors (SLFRs) is presented The realization of an SLFR was achieved by means of a topological variation of the positive output voltage buck–boost converter operated in discontinuous-conduction mode It is demonstrated that even simple RC circuits containing SLFRs exhibit behavior that is described by Abel nonlinear differential equations, which do not have an exact analytical solution Some possible applications of the SLFRs in power electronics, dc microgrids, and renewable energy power systems include loss-free charge and discharge of capacitor banks, voltage equalization of capacitors, and loss-free voltage clamping circuits The concept of the SLFR can also be applied for voltage control in dc microgrids, employing the droop voltage technique, equalization of power and current in voltage sources associated in parallel (including batteries and dc–dc converters), and also input and output voltage natural balance in input-series output-series association of dc converters The theoretical analysis results are validated via numerical examples and computer simulation
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the impact of differential mode (DM) filter topologies covering pi, LC with damping, LC, LCL filter through isolated Ćuk single phase PFC converter is realized regarding to power factor, THD and efficiency.
Abstract: Examining impacts of differential mode (DM) filter topologies covering pi, LC with damping, LC, LCL filter through isolated Ćuk single phase PFC converter is realized in this paper regarding to power factor, THD and efficiency. Application of PFC isolated Ćuk converter is conducted with 42 kHz switching frequency and 50 W power. Each filter is modeled, designed, and applied experimentally via isolated PFC Ćuk converter. Average model derivation based on state-space, for DCM operation of input side inductor of isolated PFC Ćuk converter that is not introduced in literature is the main contribution of the paper. Second main contribution is to analyze filter types by linear methods for the transfer functions cascading the converter and filter transfer functions, which is not presented for PFC converters. It is also presented that solely LCL filter which is not analyzed for PFC converters in detail in literature, does not give desired results. So, increasing the effectivity of LCL filter, new filter structure LCL with parallel C filter is proposed and modeled in this paper. Thanks to the applications, presented results of LCL with parallel C filter is better than others with 4.9% current THD and '1' power factor. Proposed LCL filter ensures 45% reduction of total inductor value, comparing to LC filter. Besides, LCL with C filter provides better control characteristics with maximum allowable gain for stability as 0.7585 higher than other topologies. Moreover, practical design methodology of filter types avoiding complex mathematical procedure is given in this paper. Applications with each filters provide THD requirements, obtained 4.9% as a best value, lower than IEC61000-3-2 standard. Maximum percentage improvement comparing to the IEC61000-3-2 is 27.5% for third harmonic. Furthermore, SiC and Si Mosfets are employed separately in the converter and compared by using each DM filters regarding to power factor, THD, efficiency through applications. As a result, better efficiency with SiC Mosfet as 83% and better THD with Si Mosfet as 4.9% are conducted.
2 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, a novel approach to the design of sliding-mode controllers for Cuk converters is presented, which is valid for both complete state feedback (fourth-order controller) and reduced state feedback(secondorder controller), according to the proposed design criteria, both control techniques ensure excellent static and dynamic performances.
Abstract: A novel approach to the design of sliding-mode controllers for Cuk converters is presented, which is valid for both complete state feedback (fourth-order controller) and reduced state feedback (second-order controller). According to the proposed design criteria, both control techniques ensure excellent static and dynamic performances, also resulting in simple control implementation and minimum size of energy transfer capacitor. Experimental results are reported, and compared with those obtained with other popular control techniques. >
133 citations
"Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for..." refers background in this paper
...However, considering the number of sensors required and the fact that system performance similar to that of fourth-order controllers could be provided while making use of only one voltage and one current sensing [29], a second-order sliding surface was adopted for this paper....
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TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental power processing properties of switching converter circuits are modeled using generalized power-conservative (POPI) networks, and the application of the gyrator to network two voltage sources and the use of the loss-free resistor as a unity power factor rectifier are described.
Abstract: The fundamental power-processing properties of switching converter circuits are modeled using generalized power-conservative (POPI) networks. Depending on the application, it may be most appropriate to model the first-order converter properties as those of an ideal transformer, gyrator, loss-free resistor, or other POPI network. These basic functions can be obtained either through selection of a topology that naturally possesses the desired characteristics or by addition of a suitable control network. Some well-known converter topologies are shown to behave naturally as gyrators, loss-free resistors, and constant power networks. The application of the gyrator to network two voltage sources and the use of the loss-free resistor as a unity power factor rectifier are described. >
131 citations
"Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for..." refers background in this paper
...Singer and Erickson [28] described an ideal LFR as a twoport switching network, thus fulfilling the following two basic requirements of power balance and current proportionality....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a three-phase rectifier employing three single-phase boost power-factor-correction circuits is analyzed, and the zero-voltage transition technique is successfully applied to each converter, in order to obtain zero turn on losses and soft turnoff of the freewheeling diodes.
Abstract: A three-phase rectifier employing three single-phase boost power-factor-correction circuits is analyzed. Each converter operates in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), which allows a high power factor and a small EMI filter. Current sharing is ensured by a common voltage loop driving the individual current loops of the three converters. A suitable circuit arrangement is devised to limit phase interaction. The zero-voltage-transition technique (ZVT) is successfully applied to each converter, in order to obtain zero turn on losses and soft turnoff of the freewheeling diodes. Results of a 1800-W 100-kHz experimental prototype are reported, which confirm the theoretical forecasts.
123 citations
TL;DR: The authors assesses current progress in plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology, market trends, research needs, challenges ahead and policy options for integrating PHEVs into the electric grid.
116 citations
"Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for..." refers background in this paper
...This urgency has led to the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs) [1], [2]....
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TL;DR: Based on one of the solutions and using one-cycle control, a unified constant-frequency integration controller for PFC is proposed, which employs constant-switching-frequency modulation that is desirable for industrial applications.
Abstract: In this paper, a three-phase six-switch standard boost rectifier with unity-power-factor correction is investigated. A general equation is derived that relates the input phase voltages, output DC voltage, and duty ratios of the switches in continuous conduction mode. Based on one of the solutions and using one-cycle control, a unified constant-frequency integration controller for PFC is proposed. For the standard bridge boost rectifier, a unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion can be realized in all three phases with a simple circuit that is composed of one integrator with reset along with several flips-flops, comparators, and some logic and linear components. It does not require multipliers and three-phase voltage sensors, which are required in many other control approaches. In addition, it employs constant-switching-frequency modulation that is desirable for industrial applications. The proposed control approach is simple and reliable. All findings are supported by experiments.
104 citations