Encadrement des plantations d'eucalyptus à Addis Abeba : vers une confrontation des discours environnementaux et des pratiques populaires
18 Nov 2014-Iss: 29
TL;DR: For example, in this paper, the government of Ethiopia adopts the espece exotique of the eucalyptus and plongee dans a foret urbaine et periurbaine.
Abstract: Introduction Depuis son introduction en Ethiopie il y a un peu plus d'un siecle, l'eucalyptus a ete diffuse massivement sur le territoire national. Addis Abeba, la capitale, a notamment adopte cette espece exotique et est aujourd'hui plongee dans une foret urbaine et periurbaine. Ces plantations alimentent un marche local toujours demandeur de bois de chauffe et de bois d'œuvre. Le gouvernement federal et la Municipalite se partagent la tres grande majorite des exploitations. Mais le succes e...
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01 Jan 2002
21 citations
01 Jan 2010
2 citations
03 Dec 2015-Territoire en mouvement Revue de géographie et aménagement. Territory in movement Journal of geography and planning
TL;DR: Addis-Abeba as mentioned in this paper is le theâtre de profondes reconfigurations which offrent un visage nouveau a la capitale ethiopienne.
Abstract: Addis-Abeba est le theâtre de profondes reconfigurations qui offrent un visage nouveau a la capitale ethiopienne. Les infrastructures sont developpees. L'habitat individuel laisse place a davantage de logements collectifs et des immeubles de verre emergent, signifiant la volonte des decideurs urbains de redessiner une ville moderne. Ces mutations vont de pair avec la quete d’affirmation du positionnement de la ville sur la scene internationale. Une attention particuliere est portee a l’environnement urbain. Les espaces verts - qui a Addis-Abeba sont specialement des espaces boises d'eucalyptus, fruits d'intenses reboisements - sont integres aux nouveaux projets urbains. Une dualite prend forme quant a la mise en valeur de ces zones, entre rejet de l'objet (eucalyptus) et valorisation de l'image d'une ville verte vehiculee grâce aux plantations. Les enquetes de terrain - entretiens qualitatifs aupres des acteurs institutionnels ou associatifs, des acteurs de la filiere bois - completees par l’etude des representations des projets urbains - documents officiels, affiches, discours, journaux - nous ont permis de cerner cet apparent paradoxe. Ainsi, par l’approche environnementale, nous tentons d’eclairer le rapport ville projetee / ville vecue de cette capitale en mutation. Nous montrons ainsi que les decideurs politiques cherchent a notifier leur assimilation des discours globaux afin d'appuyer le positionnement de la capitale dans le tableau des villes mondiales. Et ce mecanisme repose sur une utilisation subtile de l'existant.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the ecological debate surrounding the planting of eucalyptus trees and conclude that a policy option favoring the allocation of wastelands for private tree planting offers the greatest opportunity for rural smallholders.
Abstract: In northern Ethiopia, eucalyptus is the most commonly observed tree species in community and household woodlots. In an environment suffering from biomass and water shortages, erosion and land degradation, fast growing and resilient eucalyptus perform better than most indigenous tree species. Smallholders show a clear preference for eucalyptus poles, which are useful for farm implements and constructing dwellings and fences. In addition, the sale of eucalyptus poles and products has the potential to raise farm incomes, reduce poverty, increase food security and diversify smallholder-farming systems in less-favored areas of Tigray. Despite the potential for eucalyptus to improve rural livelihoods, in 1997 the regional government of Tigray imposed a ban on eucalyptus tree planting on farmlands. The ban was precipitated by concerns about the potential negative environmental externalities associated with eucalyptus, and the desire to reserve farmland for crop production. However, the regional government promotes the planting of eucalyptus in community woodlots, and has recently begun to allow private planting of eucalyptus on community wasteland and steep hillsides. In this paper, we review the ecological debate surrounding the planting of eucalyptus trees. In addition, the economic factors that influence smallholders to invest in tree production are considered. Ex ante benefit–cost analysis based on community and village level survey data from Tigray illustrates that planting eucalyptus yields high rates of return, well above 20% in most circumstances. The effect of variable harvest rates, and the potential costs of decreased crop production when eucalyptus trees are planted on or near farmlands are considered relative to our base case scenario. Based upon the review of the ecological and economic impacts of eucalyptus, we conclude that a policy option favoring the allocation of wastelands for private tree planting offers the greatest opportunity for rural smallholders. � 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
273 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the actor-networks and key policy spaces associated with the establishment of these discourses, taking natural resource management policies, and institutionalisation of the SG-2000 extension programme as case studies.
Abstract: Policy discourses urging environmental rehabilitation, and rapid agricultural intensification for food self-sufficiency are firmly entrenched in Ethiopia. This paper examines the actor-networks and key policy spaces associated with the establishment of these discourses, taking natural resource management policies, and institutionalisation of the SG-2000 extension programme as case studies. An emergent, and potentially challenging, participatory natural resource management discourse is also identified. Contrasting the regions of Tigray and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region (SNNPR), the paper concludes by arguing that, with decentralisation, differences between regional administrative and political cultures are key to policy processes, affecting the degree to which central policies reflect local concerns.
183 citations
TL;DR: In the wake of the 1985 famine, the Ethiopian government launched an ambitious program of environmental reclamation supported by donors and nongovernment organizations and backed by the largest food-for-work program in Africa.
Abstract: In the wake of the 1985 famine, the Ethiopian government launched an ambitious program of environmental reclamation supported by donors and nongovernment organizations and backed by the largest food-for-work program in Africa. In retrospect, it is clear that much of this effort was wasted or counterproductive. While many factors contributed to the reclamation program's poor performance, this essay is primarily concerned with the role of a neo-Malthusian environmental policy narrative that was used by government and donors alike to justify the rapid, massive and widespread use of standardized environmental management “packages” without research on their environmental impact or their economic costs and benefits. Understanding the context in which this happened is important for key elements of the narrative still inform thinking and planning in Ethiopia. There is mounting evidence that the use of narratives in this type in environmental management programs and, more generally, in many other types of development planning is widespread and costly.
180 citations
TL;DR: Anthropogenic introductions of Australian Acacia spp.
Abstract: Aim Anthropogenic introductions of Australian Acacia spp. that become classed as alien invasive species have consequences besides the physical, spatial and ecological: there are also cultural, ethi ...
81 citations