Journal ArticleDOI
End-functionalized thermoplastic-toughened phthalonitrile composites: influence on cure reaction and mechanical and thermal properties
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In this paper, the feasibility of toughening novolac-phthalonitrile (NPN) resins using chemically modified poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK).Abstract:
Phthalonitrile polymers are known for their high thermal stability and good mechanical properties. However, their brittle nature limits their application as structural composites in many critical areas. The present study investigates the feasibility of toughening novolac–phthalonitrile (NPN) resin using chemically modified poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). A telechelic PEEK bearing a phthalonitrile end group (PEEKPN) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution of nitrophthalonitrile with the corresponding phenol–telechelic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEKOH). Different compositions of NPN and PEEKOH–PEEKPN blends with curing agent, i.e. diaminodiphenylsulfone, were investigated for their cure behaviour and mechanical properties of their carbon fabric composites. In NPN–PEEKOH blends, crosslinking of the phthalonitrile groups was facilitated by phenol-mediated reactions resulting in the reduction of cure temperatures by around 130 °C with substantial improvement in thermal stability. Blending the resin with the thermoplastic enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. The apparent flexural strength and impact strength of carbon fabric-reinforced composites were improved by more than 200 and 150%, respectively, on incorporation of 20 wt% PEEKOH in the NPN matrix. However, higher concentration of PEEKOH had a detrimental effect on the properties. Substitution of phenol end groups by phthalonitrile moieties led to integration of the PEEK moieties with the NPN matrix. However, it was not as conducive as PEEKOH for improving the matrix properties. The better performance of PEEKOH is attributed to the formation of polar heterocyclic groups like isoindoline by way of the phenol–nitrile reaction. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industryread more
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Enhanced properties of phthalonitrile resins reinforced by novel phthalonitrile-terminated polyaryl ether nitrile containing fluorene group:
Guangxing Wang,Ying Guo,Yue Han,Zheng Li,Ding Jiangnan,Hui Jiang,Heng Zhou,Tong Zhao,Tong Zhao +8 more
TL;DR: Novel phthalonitrile resins (BPAPNs) were prepared by blending PHTHONitrile-terminated oligomeric polyaryl ether nitrile, 4,4′-(1,3-phenylenebis(oxy))diphthalonitile (PN), and 4-amino-4-(3,4-dic....
Journal ArticleDOI
Crosslinkable hyperbranched poly(arylene ether nitrile) modifier for phthalonitrile resins: Synthesis, chain-end functionalization and properties
Yue Han,Donghao Tang,Guangxing Wang,Youlan Zhang,Ying Guo,Heng Zhou,Wenfeng Qiu,Tong Zhao,Tong Zhao +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, hyperbranched poly(arylene ether nitrile)s endcapped by either hydroxyl (HBPAEN-OHs) or phthalonitrile groups were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions, where activated carbon supported calcium oxide was used as the catalyst.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and properties of phthalonitrile terminated polyaryl ether nitrile containing fluorene group
Guangxing Wang,Ying Guo,Zheng Li,Shuangshuang Xu,Yue Han,Zhenhua Luo,Li Ye,Heng Zhou,Tong Zhao +8 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Curing kinetics and thermal properties of imide containing phthalonitrile resin using aromatic amines
Devendra Kumar,Veena Choudhary +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the curing kinetics of bisphthalonitrile monomer having imide linkage using 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) as curing agent were investigated by recording non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) scans at heating rates of 5 °C, 10 °C and 15 °C.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Bismaleimide Resin Toughened by In Situ Ring-Opening Polymer of Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate Oligomer with Unique Organotin Initiator
TL;DR: In this paper, a new organotin initiator with amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane (HSiSn) for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) oligomer was synthesized.
References
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Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) for proton exchange membranes
Peixiang Xing,Peixiang Xing,Gilles P. Robertson,Michael D. Guiver,Serguei D. Mikhailenko,Keping Wang,Serge Kaliaguine +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a series of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s (SPEEKs) were prepared by sulfonation of commercial Victrex ® and Gatone ® PEEK for a comparative study of proton exchange membranes (PEM) intended for fuel cell applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Syntheses and characterization of heteroatom-bridged metal-free phthalocyanine network polymers and model compounds
TL;DR: In this paper, le polymeres et composes modeles ont une resistivite electrique elevee and ne peuvent etre dopes par l'iode.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and properties of a bisphenol A based phthalonitrile resin
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple aromatic ether linked phthalonitrile was synthesized and characterized, which exhibited good structural integrity upon heating to elevated temperatures and exhibited excellent thermal properties along with long-term oxidative stability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phthalonitrile cure reaction with aromatic diamines
Satya B. Sastri,Teddy M. Keller +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a sulfone-containing diamine, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] sulfone (p-BAPS), was used for phthalonitrile cure.