DOI•
Energy Audit and Efficiency of a Complex Building: A Comprehensive Review
25 Jan 2019-Vol. 3, Iss: 4, pp 36
TL;DR: The results reveal that air-conditioners consume more energy followed by office equipment and then lighting, and it was found that energy wastage was as a result of higher energy consuming equipment and its usage during unoccupied hours.
Abstract: An energy audit determines where, when, why and how energy is used in a facility, and to identify opportunities to improve efficiency. Energy audits are a powerful tool for identifying operating and equipment improvements that will save energy, reduce energy costs, and lead to better efficiency. Energy audit is also known as ‘Energy Assessment’. The present study intends to review energy audit and efficiency of a complex building and identified the ways of reducing waste of energy in a complex building. This research provides an overview on energy audit which comprises of energy audit team, types of energy phase and classifications of energy audit, then energy use index. The paper also focuses on past works of energy audit on hospital buildings, academics building and other buildings. Finally, the results reveal that air-conditioners consume more energy followed by office equipment and then lighting. It was also found that energy wastage was as a result of higher energy consuming equipment and its usage during unoccupied hours.
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01 May 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted an audit at the Covenant Unive•·sity to assess the pattem of elect-icity and efficiency in the unive• ·sity.
Abstract: In this study, ene•·gy audit was conducted at
Covenant Unive•·sity to assess the pattem of elect.-icity
consumption in m·de•· to imp.-ove ene•·gy consumption
efficiency in the Unive.-sity. Space cooling (29%) and
lighting (29%) have the highest pe1-centage elect.-icity
consumption in the unive•·sity. In the academic buildings,
maximum powe•· is consumed in space cooling (49%). In the
staff quaJ-te•·s, lighting application consumed maximum
powe•· (39%), followed by space cooling application (18%).
The annual ene•·gy and cost saving potentials fm· •·eplacing
t.-aditional flum·escent tube lights (FTLs) and incandescent
bulbs with compact fluo•·escent lamps (CFLs) in the
students' hostels and in the staff quaJ-te•·s a1·e about 394
MWh, N4.8 Million ($30,000) and 641 MWh, N7.9 Million
($49, 375) •·espectively. Fm· space cooling systems, the
annual ene•·gy and cost saving potentials fm· •·eplacing
conventional •·esistance elect.-ic •·egulato•· fans with
elect.-onic •·egulatm· fans is about 367 MWh and N 9.8
Million ($61,250), •·espectively.
9 citations
20 May 2013
TL;DR: In this article, Shen et al. investigated the audit practices in China and found that national and local experiences and issues were related to energy audit practices and the quality of audit practices.
Abstract: E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Energy Audit Practices in China: National and Local Experiences and Issues Bo Shen, Lynn Price, Hongyou Lu China Energy Group Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Reprint version of journal article published in “Energy Policy”, vol. 46, July 2012 June 2012 This work was supported by the China Sustainable Energy Program of the Energy Foundation through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of the energy audit conducted to investigate the energy consumption pattern of tannery company from its record of fuel expenditure and electricity bills for a period of 5 years (2012 - 2016).
Abstract: Energy audit is considered as one of the comprehensive methods in checking the energy usage and wastage in facilities/buildings. This paper presents the results of the energy audit conducted to investigate the energy consumption pattern of tannery company from its record of fuel expenditure and electricity bills for a period of 5 years (2012 - 2016). Also, the use of energy models system, Energy Quick Energy Simulation Tool (eQUEST) to evaluate the consumption of the energy end users and performance of the company. Results shows peak electricity demand during the hot months from April to August due to high cooling or significant Air condition requirement. 2.37% of electricity consumed was contributed by the burning of AGO in the diesel power generators showing very less contribution over that of National grid 97.63%. The annual average consumption demand of electricity and diesel (kWh equivalent) of the company were 118960.72 kWh and 2881.17 kWh respectively. The energy modeling and simulation results shows that the sum total of the total monthly energy consumption by the end users is 138164 kWh representing the total average value of the annual energy use in air-conditioning (space cooling) was 27%, ventilation fan 2%, factory machineries 39%, heat rejection is 4%, pump and auxiliary is 2% and area lighting 26%. Also, the total monthly peak demand by space cooling was 22372.2 kWh, ventilation fan 1376 kWh, factory machineries 14294kWh heat rejection is 4461 kWh, pump and auxiliary is 1343 kWh and area light 11023 kWh respectively having a sum total monthly peak demand by the end users to be 44969.2 kWh. This represent energy use in air-conditioning (space cooling) was 41%, ventilation fan 3%, 26% factory machineries, heat rejection is 8%, pump and auxiliary is 2% and 20% area light of the annual peak demand. The Energy Used Index (average annual electricity use per tones of leather) was found to be 717.38kWh/tones of leather/Annum.
3 citations
Cites background from "Energy Audit and Efficiency of a Co..."
...Inadequate supply of energy restricts socio-economic activities, limits economic growth and adversely affects the quality of life [1]....
[...]
References
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TL;DR: A geographic forwarding based SpEctrum Aware Routing protocol for Cognitive ad-Hoc networks (SEARCH), is proposed that jointly undertakes path and channel selection to avoid regions of PU activity during route formation.
259 citations
"Energy Audit and Efficiency of a Co..." refers background in this paper
...Energy Audit involves proper planning, directing and controlling of supply and input – output ratio of consumption of energy to maximize productivity and minimize energy costs [2]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used QUICKcontrol, a software tool, to perform the complex and fully integrated building, HVAC and control simulations, which was used to determine the comfort enhancement and energy saving potential with new control strategies for the Human Science Building at the University of Pretoria.
149 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the current situation of energy conservation in high energy-consuming industries in Taiwan, including the iron and steel, chemical, cement, pulp and paper, textiles and electric/electrical industries.
70 citations
"Energy Audit and Efficiency of a Co..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the results of a preliminary energy audit carried out on 8 large industrial buildings of a famous car manufacturing holding in Italy, which enabled to build a specific factory energy model which has been used in order to analyze the impact of various energy saving actions on the primary energy consumptions of the site.
59 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, Shen, Price, and Hongyou Lu investigated the audit practices in China's energy audit practices and found that national and local experiences and issues were important for auditing practices.
Abstract: E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Energy Audit Practices in China: National and Local Experiences and Issues Bo Shen, Lynn Price, and Hongyou Lu China Energy Group Energy Analysis Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division December 2010 This work was supported by the China Sustainable Energy Program of the Energy Foundation, the Regulatory Assistance Project, and the Partnership for Climate Action Program of the US Agency for International Development through the Institute for Sustainable Communities through the US Department of Energy under Contract No DE-AC02-05CH11231
55 citations