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Journal ArticleDOI

Energy consummation and environmental emissions assessment of a refrigeration compressor based on life cycle assessment methodology

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated and quantified the energy consumption and environmental emissions of a refrigeration compressor produced by a Chinese factory throughout the entire compressor life cycle and try to determine the stage with the strongest environmental impact.
Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate and quantify the energy consumption and environmental emissions of a refrigeration compressor produced by a Chinese factory throughout the entire compressor life cycle and try to determine the stage with the strongest environmental impact. The study covers all relevant life cycle stages, from raw material production to compressor use and final disposal. The research is conducted in accordance with ISO 14040/14044 standards. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied in this study, and Chinese Life Cycle Database is used for the assessment. The evaluation results are presented in terms of individual impact category according to the characterization model (CML 2001) and normalization references (Laurent et al. 16:401–409, 2011). The following seven impact categories are considered: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, photochemical ozone formation potential, ozone depletion potential, ecotoxicity, and primary energy demand. All necessary energy and material flows are detailed for assessment purposes. LCA results show that the compressor use stage in the life cycle consumes the most energy and exerts the strongest environmental impact, followed by the stages of raw material production and component manufacturing. Meanwhile, primary energy demand, ecotoxicity, and global warming potential are three predominant impact categories along with the entire life cycle of the refrigeration compressor; which account for 36.2150, 34.4567, and 16.5862 % of total impacts, respectively. Results show that the compressor use stage may be improved given that environmental impact is largely influenced by electricity requirement. Further investigation must be conducted to improve compressor service efficiency.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a predictive model of specific energy consumption (SEC) and metallic powder usage rate in laser cladding process was developed, where three approaches were adopted to perform the modeling, namely, basic gene expression programming (GEP), response surface methodology (RSM), and integrated Tabu search and GEP (TS-GEP).

35 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact assessment has been conducted using ReCiPe 2016 method, using as reference system a conventional reversible heat pump of equal cooling capacity, and the analysis indicated that the ZEOSOL system has a smaller environmental footprint in terms of impact categories such as global warming and ozone depletion potential, with a 51.2% and a 37.4% decrease in comparison with the reference respectively.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the life cycle assessment to an 18.4 MW domestic large-scale centrifugal compressor and compared the environmental impacts of the overall milled impeller and the welded impeller.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An intelligence method for environmental impact evaluation using kernel fuzzy clustering and a back-propagation neural network is presented to apply artificial intelligence technology to evaluate environmental influence of cutting process and develop a decision support tool for selecting the optimal environmental solution from various alternative schemes.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results illustrate that the proposed EM-AHL not only outperforms the stand-alone metamodels but also provides more accurate results than the EM constructed by global measures (EM-G).
Abstract: As a rapid developing additive manufacturing (AM) technology, selective laser melting (SLM) provides a promising way for intelligent manufacturing. The SLM part quality depends largely on the process parameters in the manufacturing process. Therefore, understanding the relationships between the input process parameters and the output part performances is critical to improve the part quality. In this work, the ensemble of metamodels (EM) is adopted and an adaptive hybrid leave-one-out error-based EM (EM-AHL) is developed to predict the powder utilization rate, the energy consumption, and the tensile strength of the as-built parts. First, the Taguchi experiment design is applied to obtain the sample points and the corresponding SLM experiments are conducted to get the experimental results. Second, the correlations between the process parameters (i.e., laser power, layer thickness, scanning speed) and the three responses are fitted using the proposed EM-AHL, which is constructed by aggregating three metamodels, Kriging, Radial basis fuction (RBF), and Support vector regression (SVR), according to the local measures. Finally, K-fold cross-validation and additional experiments validation methods are adopted to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the proposed EM-AHL. Results illustrate that the proposed EM-AHL not only outperforms the stand-alone metamodels but also provides more accurate results than the EM constructed by global measures (EM-G). Among the three prediction objectives, the prediction accuracy of the proposed EM-AHL has improved by up to 20% compared to the stand-alone metamodels. Besides, the main effects and contribution rates of process parameters on the responses are analyzed. Overall, the proposed EM-AHL method exhibits the excellent capability of guiding the actual SLM manufacturing.

9 citations

References
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In the years since then, a significant body of new peer-reviewed science has been published, much of which is relevant to policy decisions that will be made before the next IPCC assessment, due in 2014 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) in 2007. Since the IPCC considers only published, peer-reviewed science in its assessments, the AR4 did not examine any research published after July 2006. In the years since then, a significant body of new peer-reviewed science has been published, much of which is relevant to policy decisions that will be made before the next IPCC assessment, due in 2014. A brief overview of some key new findings is provided here.

694 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

513 citations


"Energy consummation and environment..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Gutowski et al. (2011) explained that the energy requirements in the use stage can exceed the combined requirements of both material production and manufacturing....

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  • ...Gutowski et al. (2011) explained that the energy requirements in the use stage can exceed the combined requirements of both material production and manufacturing. Based on the current study, this conclusion prevails even when final disposal is considered. The dominance of the use stage in diesel engines was described by Li et al. (2013). Biswas and Rosano (2011) and Biswas et al....

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  • ...The CML 2001 method developed by Guinèe et al. (2002) is the base method used in this LCA for analyzing environmental impact....

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