Energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and economic development: Evaluating alternative and plausible environmental hypothesis for sustainable growth
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the interrelationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under the six alternative and plausible hypothesis including Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH), population based emissions (IPAT), energy led emissions, sectoral growth emissions and Emissions emancipated Human Development Index (eHDI) in the context of low and middle income countries, high income countries and in aggregated panel, over the period of 1975-2015.
Abstract: Pursuit of excellence in economic development, in the midst of damaging the natural environment, is a shameless growth. The economic impacts on environmental degradation are quite visible in industrialized economies where human health is compromised by rapid economic growth and energy induced emissions. This study examines the interrelationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under the six alternative and plausible hypothesis including Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH), population based emissions (IPAT), energy led emissions, sectoral growth emissions and Emissions emancipated Human Development Index (eHDI) in the context of low and middle income countries, high income countries and in aggregated panel, over the period of 1975–2015. The results supported the EKC hypothesis, IPAT hypothesis, energy induced emissions, and sectoral growth emissions in different regions of the world, while PHH and eHDI hypothesis does not confirm across regions. This study exclusively determines the key socio-economic and environmental problems in a large pool of the world economies to understand the need of development policy agenda for sustainable growth.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the link between urbanization, economic development, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, specifically taking into account the different income levels of the countries studied.
Abstract: The growth of anthropogenic CO2 emissions has been widely attributed to the combustion of energy in support of human activities associated with economic development. While the link between urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions has, as a result, received considerable multidisciplinary scholarly attention, little work has been undertaken with respect to the how differences in the development stages or income levels of the countries studied may affect these relations. Here, we empirically explore the link between urbanization, economic development, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, specifically taking into account the different income levels of the countries studied. A series of panel data models and a balanced dataset for a panel of 170 countries were utilized in the study, which took the period of 1980–2011 into consideration. The result of panel cointegration tests suggested that a cointegration relationship existed between variables in all the countries studied, and that a statistically significant positive relationship existed between the variables employed in the long run. The results of a Granger causality test based on the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) provided evidence of varied Granger causality relationships between the variables across the income-based subpanels. Moreover, we also undertook an impulse response and variance decomposition analysis that allowed us to forecast the impacts of economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption on future CO2 emissions during the period surveyed. Our results cast a new light on the importance of a country's development stage and income level for government policy decisions relating to the reduction of CO2 emissions.
367 citations
TL;DR: The meta-analysis reveals that the collection of studies that validate the inversed-U shaped relationship has an average of US$8910 as the turning point of annual income level, and Heterogeneity is confirmed among turning point in studies on EKC hypothesis.
366 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined Environmental Kuznets and Environmental Sustainability curve hypotheses for Australia, China, Ghana, and the USA from 1971 to 2013 in order to examine the factors contributing to adverse greenhouse gas emission and economic impacts relative to their development.
263 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions on each other for a panel of 68 countries was examined for the period 2001-2017 for developed, emerging and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.
239 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimized gasifier and highly active catalyst were proved to be effective for biomass tar elimination, and the tar formation mechanism and the decomposition pathway were also important to advance the optimization of gasification reactors and catalyst design.
Abstract: Biomass gasification converts into syngas, then into other chemicals via Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis is promising for renewable energy utilization. Although gasification is a sustainable and environmental-friendly technology for value-added utilization of biomass, tar formation is the major problem during the biomass gasification. Tar could condense on the reactor then block and foul equipment. An optimized gasifier and highly active catalyst were proved to be effective for biomass tar elimination. Furthermore, tar formation mechanism and the decomposition pathway were also important to advance the optimization of gasification reactors and catalyst design. This paper summarized the fundamentals, such as gasifier types, Ni-based catalyst, and reaction and deactivation mechanism. This review also sheds light on other excellent catalysts, effective gasifiers and mathematical models of biomass catalytic gasification, and catalyst reaction mechanisms and mathematical models are also discussed in detail. At last, the paper ends with a conclusion and prospective discussion to the latter lab and industrial-scale research.
227 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator optimally exploits all the linear moment restrictions that follow from the assumption of no serial correlation in the errors, in an equation which contains individual effects, lagged dependent variables and no strictly exogenous variables.
Abstract: This paper presents specification tests that are applicable after estimating a dynamic model from panel data by the generalized method of moments (GMM), and studies the practical performance of these procedures using both generated and real data. Our GMM estimator optimally exploits all the linear moment restrictions that follow from the assumption of no serial correlation in the errors, in an equation which contains individual effects, lagged dependent variables and no strictly exogenous variables. We propose a test of serial correlation based on the GMM residuals and compare this with Sargan tests of over-identifying restrictions and Hausman specification tests.
26,580 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a unit root test for dynamic heterogeneous panels based on the mean of individual unit root statistics is proposed, which converges in probability to a standard normal variate sequentially with T (the time series dimension) →∞, followed by N (the cross sectional dimension)→∞.
12,838 citations
TL;DR: The process of industrialization engenders increasing income inequality as the labor force shifts from low-income agriculture to the high income sectors as mentioned in this paper, and on more advanced levels of development inequality starts decreasing and industrialized countries are again characterized by low inequality due to the smaller weight of agriculture in production and income generation.
Abstract: The process of industrialization engenders increasing income inequality as the labor force shifts from low-income agriculture to the high income sectors. On more advanced levels of development inequality starts decreasing and industrialized countries are again characterized by low inequality due to the smaller weight of agriculture in production (and income generation).
7,636 citations
TL;DR: The Im-Pesaran-Shin (IPS) test as discussed by the authors relaxes the restrictive assumption of the LL test and is best viewed as a test for summarizing the evidence from independent tests of the sample hypothesis.
Abstract: The panel data unit root test suggested by Levin and Lin (LL) has been widely used in several applications, notably in papers on tests of the purchasing power parity hypothesis. This test is based on a very restrictive hypothesis which is rarely ever of interest in practice. The Im–Pesaran–Shin (IPS) test relaxes the restrictive assumption of the LL test. This paper argues that although the IPS test has been offered as a generalization of the LL test, it is best viewed as a test for summarizing the evidence from a number of independent tests of the sample hypothesis. This problem has a long statistical history going back to R. A. Fisher. This paper suggests the Fisher test as a panel data unit root test, compares it with the LL and IPS tests, and the Bonferroni bounds test which is valid for correlated tests. Overall, the evidence points to the Fisher test with bootstrap-based critical values as the preferred choice. We also suggest the use of the Fisher test for testing stationarity as the null and also in testing for cointegration in panel data.
6,652 citations