Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the economic consequences of increased state spending on electricity consumption efficiency were analyzed and the authors concluded that increasing the state's expenditures on energy efficiency programs would result in a decline in electricity consumption in the state and a corresponding decline in expenditures on electricity.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first international assessment of how 587 surveyed schoolchildren between 9 and 13 years of age across 15 schools in rural to intermediate regions in Denmark and the Netherlands think about electric mobility, and in examining their perceptions, automobility and transport more broadly.
12 citations
18 May 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that cueing ecological behaviors people usually engage in, increases the accessibility of previously performed ecological behavior in the memory and results in more favorable attitudes towards these.
Abstract: A major obstacle for promoting sustainable (e.g. ecological) consumer behaviors is people's negative attitude towards these. We tested the potential of a persuasion technique for improving these attitudes. We propose that cueing ecological behaviors people usually engage in, increases the accessibility of previously performed ecological behavior in the memory. As several theories suggest attitudes are inferred from previous behavior, we expected the increased ease of retrieval of ecological actions to result in more favorable attitudes towards these. Two studies confirmed this hypothesis, and further research will verify the success of the technique in promoting actual environmental behavior. Implications for setting up effective social marketing campaigns are discussed.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the role of indigenous and foreign innovation on ecological footprint as well as the potential interaction between them in 105 countries classified into developed and developing countries, and they considered the effect of corruption on the ecological footprint using dynamic panel threshold regression over the period from 1992 to 2017.
Abstract: As humanity's quest for natural resources is progressively exceeding Earth's biological rate of regeneration, environmental issues such as greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere, ocean acidification and groundwater depletion is accelerating. The ecological footprint provides a method for measuring how much lands can support the consumption of the natural resources. This study examines in depth the role of indigenous and foreign innovation on ecological footprint as well as the potential interaction between them in 105 countries classified into developed and developing countries. In addition, we consider the effect of corruption on ecological footprint using dynamic panel threshold regression over the period from 1992 to 2017. The Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) estimator is used to tackle the heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the data. The results demonstrate that indigenous and foreign innovations and their interaction significantly reduce ecological footprint in developed countries. By contrast, indigenous and foreign innovations have a crowding-out effect on ecological footprint in developing countries. Based on the dynamic threshold regression results, the indigenous and foreign innovations and their interaction significantly increase ecological footprint of developed countries when corruption crosses the threshold point. In developing countries, when corruption exceeds the threshold point, the inhibiting effects of indigenous and foreign innovations and their interaction further increase. For control variables, economic growth and urbanization significantly increase ecological footprint of these countries. Finally, developed and developing countries should collaborate to build comprehensive sustainable growth mechanisms in order to make resource-friendly technologies affordable for all income level countries.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the extent to which recent gains in server efficiency have translated into lower electricity use and find that server design innovation tends to favor the latter over the former.
Abstract: Webservers are major consumers of electricity and, therefore, offer important opportunities for energy conservation. Server electrical efficiency has increased dramatically in recent years, suggesting that technological innovation can curtail electricity consumption. However, over a century ago, Jevons noted reasons to expect that technologies that increase the efficiency of resource use, paradoxically, can increase consumption of those resources. Here, we investigate the extent to which recent gains in server efficiency have translated into lower electricity use. We use the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation's dataset on the electrical consumption and efficiency of over 600 server models tested between 2007 and 2019 to identify the extent to which improvements in electrical efficiency reduce server electricity use (watts) or increase server performance (operations per second). Our analysis estimates that server design innovation tends to favor the latter over the former. Electricity reductions typically equal one-quarter to one-third of a given improvement in electrical efficiency, suggesting a conservation-offsetting “rebound” but not one large enough to constitute a Jevons paradox in which efficiency actually increases resource use.
12 citations
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01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.
3,952 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.
1,422 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.
1,361 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)
802 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.
726 citations