Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
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Dissertation•
07 Dec 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an approach for the management of renewable energy in the smart grid based on the use of multi-agents (SMA) for the purpose of reducing the charge of reseaux electriques.
Abstract: Avec la convergence de plusieurs tendances profondes du secteur energetique, lesreseaux electriques intelligents (smart grids) emergent comme le paradigme principal pourla modernisation des reseaux electriques. Les smart grids doivent notamment permettred’integrer de larges proportions d’energie renouvelable intermittente, de stockage et devehicules electriques, ainsi que donner aux consommateurs plus de controle sur leur consommationenergetique. L’atteinte de ces objectifs repose sur l’adoption de nombreusestechnologies, et en particulier des technologies de l’information et de la communication.Ces changements transforment les reseaux en des systemes de plus en plus complexes,necessitant des outils adaptes pour modeliser, controler et simuler leur comportement.Dans cette these, l’utilisation des systemes multi-agents (SMA) permet une approchesystemique de la gestion de l’energie, ainsi que la definition d’architectures et d’algorithmesbeneficiant des proprietes des SMA. Cette approche permet de prendre en compte lacomplexite d’un tel systeme cyber-physique, en integrant de multiples aspects commele reseau en lui-meme, les infrastructures de communication, les marches ou encore lecomportement des utilisateurs. L’approche est mise en valeur a travers deux applications.Dans une premiere application, un systeme de gestion de l’energie pour centrales aturbines a gaz est concu avec l’objectif de minimiser les couts de fonctionnement et lesemissions de gaz a effet de serre pour des profils de charge variables. Un modele de turbinea gaz base sur des donnees reelles est propose et utilise dans un simulateur specifiquementdeveloppe. Une metaheuristique optimise dynamiquement le dispatching entre les turbinesen fonction de leurs caracteristiques propres. Les resultats montrent que le systemeest capable d’atteindre ses objectifs initiaux. Les besoins en puissance de calcul et encommunication sont egalement evalues.Avec d’autres mesures de gestion de la demande, l’effacement diffus permet de reduiretemporairement la charge electrique, par exemple dans la cas d’une congestion du reseaude transport. Dans cette seconde application, un systeme d’effacement diffus est proposeet utilise les ressources disponibles chez les particuliers (vehicules electriques, climatisation,chauffe-eau) pour maintenir la demande sous une valeur limite. Des aggregateursde capacite de reduction de charge servent d’interface entre les operateurs du reseau etun marche de l’effacement. Un simulateur est egalement developpe pour evaluer la performancedu systeme. Les resultats de simulations montrent que le systeme reussit aatteindre ses objectifs sans compromettre la stabilite du reseau de distribution en regimecontinu.
6 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the interplay between environmental preference-making and economics is discussed, and economic analysis of the political market for ideas can make sense of the remarkable disparity of views on global warming.
Abstract: Long before economics turned to psychology, environmentalists were nudging and framing and pushing their cause like highly gifted amateur psychologists. Their interventions seem to have changed behavior by altering beliefs, norms and preferences, but because psychological interventions are often coarse, inadvertent, offsetting side effects occur. After discussing the interplay between environmental preference-making and economics, I turn to three areas where strong, simple views have spread--electric cars, recycling and local conservation efforts. In all three areas, environmental rules of thumb can lead to significant, adverse environmental side effects. Local environmentalism, for example, may increase carbon emissions by pushing development from low emission areas, like coastal California, to high emissions areas elsewhere. I end by discussing how economic analysis of the political market for ideas can make sense of the remarkable disparity of views on global warming.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
6 citations
01 Mar 2019
TL;DR: The sizing of the system to match most of the demands of residential homeowners has been carried out, and the energy consumption of a security system for a residential house is analyzed.
Abstract: In recent years, security systems have become a necessity for both companies and the residential sector. This is partly due to the growing national and international crime rate, and on the other hand to legislation in force at European Union level, which in some states goes as far as obliging the owner to implement a security system in order to make the reception of the built house. This paper aims to analyze the energy consumption of a security system for a residential house, reporting this consumption to the average national consumption of a household. For this analysis a common security system has been taken into account, as requested by the majority of beneficiaries. The sizing of the system to match most of the demands of residential homeowners has been carried out by the authors who are security systems specialists with more than 12 years of experience.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic literature review (SLR) of rebound effects is presented, with a particular focus on triggers and drivers, types and mechanisms, and measurement approaches, and a conceptual framework of RE is proposed.
6 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.
3,952 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.
1,422 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.
1,361 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)
802 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.
726 citations