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Journal ArticleDOI

Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
Citations
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Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that policymakers need to focus on three major topics: improving energy efficiency in buildings, controlling the growth of energy use in transport, and diversifying the power generation mix.
Abstract: This paper outlines major energy policy challenges that Cyprus is faced with. Main issues are securing the island’s energy supply and limiting growth in greenhouse gas emissions. Results from econometric analyses show that energy use is income elastic and price inelastic, which indicates that energy consumption may continue to grow rapidly in the future in the absence of appropriate price signals and energy conservation measures. Based on these results, the paper argues that policymakers need to focus on three major topics: improving energy efficiency in buildings, controlling the growth of energy use in transport, and diversifying the power generation mix. Current progress is mixed: Although energy efficiency subsidies are useful, official estimates of energy savings achieved are optimistic, and a careful assessment is necessary. In transport, the

4 citations


Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."

  • ...According to some studies, the rebound effect seems to be more pronounced in the case of energy use for space cooling purposes (Greening et al. 2000); this is particularly important for Cyprus, where a large fraction of energy use in the residential and commercial sector goes to space cooling....

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Posted ContentDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a review on energy demand from an economics and a social science perspective and identify potential fields for combined socio-economic research efforts oriented at three questions: "What drives energy demand?", "Why do consumers behave the way they do?" and "How can (end user) energy consumption be influenced?"
Abstract: Reducing energy demand and increasing energy efficiency are seen as major elements of the ongoing transformation of energy systems in multiple national and international programs like the EU 20-20-20 targets. Despite the predominately socio-economic nature of energy demand such interdisciplinary viewpoints – albeit on the rise – are still the minority within energy related research. In this paper we provide a review on energy demand both from an economics and a social science perspective. In particular, we aim to identify potential fields for combined socio-economic research efforts oriented at three questions: ‘What drives energy demand?’, ‘Why do consumers behave the way they do?’ and finally ‘How can (end user) energy consumption be influenced?’

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the direct CO 2 rebound effect (CRE) in urban households at the provincial level and proposed an elasticity approach and constructed an individual fixed-effect variable coefficient panel data model.
Abstract: Investing in energy efficiency is considered to be an effective way to reduce the carbon emissions. However, the resulting CO 2 savings may be partially or totally offset by the rebound effect (RE). This paper goes beyond the traditional energy RE to investigate the rebound effect as related to CO 2 emissions, aims to explore the direct CO 2 rebound effect (CRE) in urban households at the provincial level. To achieve the objective, this study uses IPCC carbon emissions accounting method, then proposes an elasticity approach and constructs an individual fixed-effect variable coefficient panel data model. The results show that the total CO 2 emissions from household energy consumption were rising in most provinces during 2002–2017. The purchased electricity and heat CO 2 emissions are growing faster than combustion CO 2 emissions. Regarding the magnitude of the CRE, there are three types of direct CRE among urban households in China: the backfire effect, partial rebound effect and super conservation effect. Overall, the average direct CRE in urban households is 59.90%; specifically, the western region has the highest direct CRE (90.92%), compared with the eastern region (52.84%) and central region (24.88%). The government should take into account the CRE of households, in order to avoid overestimating the carbon reduction. Attention should also be paid to the differences between provinces when formulating energy policies. The analysis above helps local governments to formulate effective energy policies to promote households’ carbon emission reduction. • This paper proposes an elasticity method for estimating CO 2 rebound effect. • The carbon emissions from household energy consumption are calculated. • There are three types of direct CO 2 rebound effect among urban households in China. • The average direct CO 2 rebound effect in urban households is 59.9%.

4 citations

Dissertation
05 Dec 2013
TL;DR: La maison numerique est un environnement dans lequel de plus en plus d'equipements sont interconnectes, e.g., la dynamicite requiert de modifier la repartition des composants logiciels lorsqu'un evenement significatif survient, i.e., apparition d'un equipement, afin of conserver l'efficience energetique.
Abstract: La maison est un environnement dans lequel de plus en plus d'equipements sont interconnectes. Cette multiplication des equipements informatiques et des services associes augmente la consommation d'energie de la maison numerique. Pour limiter cette tendance, les equipements de l'electronique grand public controlent leur consommation d'energie individuellement, independamment les uns des autres. Les environnements repartis offrent de nouvelles opportunites de gestion de la consommation d'energie des equipements. Ce travail propose de mettre en place une coordination intelligente entre les equipements de facon a limiter la consommation energetique de l'ensemble de ces equipements tout en delivrant les memes services. Notre approche consiste a deplacer des composants logiciels d'un equipement a l'autre afin de maximiser l'efficience energetique de la maison numerique. Cependant, ces deplacements sont contraints a la fois par l'environnement, e.g., ressources materielles disponibles, et par les besoins des composants logiciels, e.g., ressources materielles requises, presence de l'utilisateur. Pour concevoir un tel systeme, il est necessaire de considerer les proprietes intrinseques a la maison numerique dont l'heterogeneite, la dynamicite et la qualite de service. L'heterogeneite necessite une modelisation de chaque equipement et de chaque service suivant des criteres differenciant, e.g., ressources materielles, presence de l'utilisateur. La dynamicite requiert de modifier la repartition des composants logiciels lorsqu'un evenement significatif survient, e.g., apparition d'un equipement, afin de conserver l'efficience energetique. Enfin, la mise en place de solutions moins energivores ne doit pas impacter la qualite de service, e.g., satisfaire les besoins en ressources materielles des composants logiciels. Nous proposons une modelisation de ces proprietes. Ce modele est ensuite considere par un systeme decisionnel autonome. Sur l'observation d'evenements significatifs, le systeme prend la decision de modifier la repartition des composants sur les equipements afin d'atteindre l'objectif d'efficience energetique tout en satisfaisant a la qualite de service. L'implantation du systeme decisionnel est realisee par une architecture elle-meme concue pour etre efficiente energetiquement. Le systeme decisionnel est considere comme un service a part entiere. Il est construit comme les autres services presents dans l'environnement, et est donc capable de se deplacer d'un equipement a un autre pour s'executer sur celui qui est le plus approprie en fonction du contexte. L'approche est validee au travers de son implementation appelee HomeNap et le deroule de scenarios de la vie courante. Les resultats obtenus montrent des gains energetiques. Ces resultats montrent egalement que les gains sont fonctions des usages de la maison numerique. Enfin, ces gains s'accroissent lorsque le nombre d'equipements et de services augmente, ce qui correspond a la tendance actuellement observee.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a coordination mechanism between electric power transmission and distribution system operators in the day-ahead stage, which is achieved by determining the optimal prices and trading limits at the physical interface of two systems.

4 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.

3,952 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.

1,422 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.

1,361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)

802 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.

726 citations