Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined a Traveling Purchaser Problem (TPP) transport network and proved that smaller steps in fuel efficiency increase let each rebound effect become a backfire.
Abstract: Sometimes measurements taken to increase resource efficiency do not reach the estimated magnitude, as part of the reduction vanishes due to the reaction of entities to the changed environment. This so-called rebound effect is intensively discussed in the energy sector literature. Surprisingly, little is found for transportation, and the question arises whether rebound effects occur in logistics as well. In this paper, we fill this gap by examining a Traveling Purchaser Problem (TPP) transport network. The implementation, which is a generalization of the TSP, will serve as a decision space in which the procurement of various quantities of products inside a logistics network will be optimized in regard to total costs while the consumption of fuel is monitored. Different parameterizations of the environment will be analyzed and tested to determine factors for the occurrence and magnitude of rebound effects. We present an upper bound on the number of rebound effects and we prove that smaller steps in fuel efficiency increase let each rebound effect become a backfire.
3 citations
01 Feb 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the importance of considering both energy and non-energy efficiency improvements in the provision of energy intensive household services by using the partial equilibrium framework by using computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulations to identify the systemwide impacts on total fuel use of the two alternative efficiency changes.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates the importance of considering both energy and non-energy efficiency improvements in the provision of energy intensive household services. Using the example of private transport, we analyse whether vehicle efficiency can beat fuel efficiency in cutting fuel use. We find that this ultimately depend on the elasticity of demand for transport, the substitutability between vehicles and fuels and the initial share of fuel use in private transport. The framework also allows to identify 'multiple benefits' of technical progress in private transport by considering both the ability of such policy to reduce fuel demand and to increase the consumer's surplus. We extend the partial equilibrium framework by using computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulations to identify the system-wide impacts on total fuel use of the two alternative efficiency changes. Simulation results suggest that the substitution effects identified in the partial equilibrium analysis are an important element in determining the change in total fuel use resulting from these consumption efficiency changes. However, the identification of associated changes in intermediate fuel demand, plus the potential expansionary effects of the improvements in household efficiency transmitted through the labour market can generate general equilibrium effects that vary substantially from those derived using partial equilibrium analysis.
3 citations
01 Dec 2019
TL;DR: This paper presents an adapted load model that considers residential customers having turned to LED lighting and the current load models are adapted to reflect the estimated load composition and the recent measurements.
Abstract: Recent measurements show that the substitution of General Incandescent Lamps by the high efficiency LEDs changes the behavior of the modern residential customers. They consume less active power and behave capacitive in the evening. Actually, also the extended load models, which consider the load composition and power factors of individual load subcategories, describe an inductive behavior of the load during the whole day. This paper presents an adapted load model that considers residential customers having turned to LED lighting. The current load models are adapted to reflect the estimated load composition and the recent measurements. The corresponding ZIP-coefficients are calculated and provided for download in a public data repository. They change during the day and reach high values when the reactive power consumption of the residential customer changes the sign. In this case, the capacitive and inductive power contributions of the single load devices within the residential customer plant compensate each other.
3 citations
Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."
...However, due to rebound effect [13] it is assumed that the modern customer increases his light demand by 30%, as considered in...
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Posted Content•
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of residential energy efficiency policies on household energy consumption and the magnitude of rebound effect in residential energy consumption, and examined the capitalization of energy efficiency in the housing market.
Abstract: In recent years, energy conservation has been a hot topic of debate among policy makers and researchers due to the concerns about global climate change and energy dependency. From a policy perspective, residential sector has been an important target for energy conservation policies as it is a major contributor to the total energy consumption and has a high potential for saving energy through efficiency measures. This dissertation focuses on three main research topics that are associated to the assessment and design of residential energy conservation policies. The first chapter investigates the impact of residential energy efficiency policies on household energy consumption. The second chapter examines the magnitude of rebound effect in residential energy consumption. Finally, the last chapter investigates the capitalization of energy efficiency in the housing market and examines the impact of Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) on the capitalization rate.
3 citations
Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."
...1The literature identifies three types of rebound effects that encompass both the microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives (Greening et al., 2000; Sorrell et al., 2009): the direct rebound effect, the indirect rebound effect and the economy-wide effects....
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...1 While the existence of such rebound effect is widely acknowledged, the real debate lies in the identification and the size of the effect (Gillingham et al., 2013; Greening et al., 2000)....
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...Greening et al. (2000) argue that 5 the voluntary uptake of energy efficiency innovations is modest, and part of the predicted efficiency gains are offset by a shift in energy demand through the so-called “rebound effect”....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the barriers to sustainable consumption and measure the discriminating power of these barriers between groups having significant differences in their energy conservation behavior, and identify the discriminative power of such barriers.
Abstract: This study identifies the barriers to sustainable consumption and measures the discriminating power of these barriers between groups having significant differences in their energy conservation beha...
3 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.
3,952 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.
1,422 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.
1,361 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)
802 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.
726 citations