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Journal ArticleDOI

Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the driving forces of transport demand and relevant policy measures that facilitate mitigating GHG emissions in the urban transport sector in Indian cities based on a critical review of the literature.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion that energy efficiency and clean energy technologies can deliver sufficient degrees of climate change mitigation was challenged by six arguments not widely recognized in the literature, including the following:

65 citations


Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."

  • ...Empirical estimates of ‘direct rebound effects’, understood here as the increase in consumption of an energy service due to an efficiency-induced price drop of acquiring that service, typically fall within a range of 10-30% of expected gains for consumer end-uses in developed countries (Greening et al., 2000; Sorrell et al., 2009)....

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  • ...…effects’, understood here as the increase in consumption of an energy service due to an efficiency-induced price drop of acquiring that service, typically fall within a range of 10-30% of expected gains for consumer end-uses in developed countries (Greening et al., 2000; Sorrell et al., 2009)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influential factors of energy consumption in the industries by employing the cointegration method, and estimated the possible energy conservation potential considering energy rebound effect, and showed that GDP and the scale of industries are the deterministic factors increasing energy consumption, while R&D intensity decreases it.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a checklist approach with an evaluation and assessment table was developed to assess the impact of products, services, and activities with a multi-attribute need function and the propensity to cause both psychological and physical rebound effects.
Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2006.04.018 Life cycle assessment has emerged into a useful tool to assess and potentially reduce the environmental impacts per functional unit. This has contributed to increase eco-efficiency but not necessarily to decrease absolute pollution per capita. The number of functional units is increasing and new functions add to the impacts of consumption. Despite the attempts to use different levels of definitions for the functional unit and applying LCA in the field of lifestyle studies there has been little success to grasp the consumption side of sustainable production and consumption. This contribution aims to tackle the consumption side by at least two extensions: the function of products, services, and activities is assessed with a multi-attribute need function and the propensity to cause both psychological and physical rebound effects are considered in the design phase. We develop a checklist approach with an evaluation and assessment table. The elements of the checklist are rooted in a number of independent fields of science: needs matrix, happiness enhancing factors, a number of limiting factors that can cause rebound effects, and streamlined LCA. For illustration purposes we comparatively evaluate gardening, having a dog, a weekend house, and starting yoga classes and show that the new analysis framework is able to make transparent and operable the inclusion of a number of additional factors that remained so far implicit or neglected. The additional factors considered can be grouped into factors that may cause rebound effects through psychological or physical mechanisms. The assessment table combines the degree of satisfying needs and enhancing happiness in a psychological rebound score. The physical rebound score considers six factors that may constrain consumption: Costs, time, space, other scarce resources, information, and skills. This allows predicting the potential for rebound effects that would increase total impacts from consumption. In addition, it gives also a handle on how to use the knowledge on rebound effects to not only reduce the impacts of the product or activity at hand but also reducing other consumption that in turn might have adverse impacts. Many assumptions in selecting and quantifying the additional factors and the final assessment procedure remain conceptual and therefore provisional. This contribution opens new avenues of investigations that need both further refinements of the theories and empirical evidence. Consumerism and materialism has undermined much of the success stories of improved eco-efficiency and LCA. We suggest using some of the very same psychological and physical mechanisms to foster sustainable consumption.

64 citations


Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."

  • ...What motivates people to act in one or another way? What is it that we really want? What are the drivers of consumption? Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) as cited in Hirschmann (1973) answered these questions with: "....

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  • ...In the field of energy economics the following effects are distinguished (Greening et al. 2000): 106 Int J LCA 11 • Special Issue 1 (2006) • Direct Rebound Effect (substitution effect, pure price effect): Greater efficiency may lead to a lower price of the service (or product or technology) which…...

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  • ...In the field of energy economics the following effects are distinguished (Greening et al. 2000):...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined the discrepancy between the potential decrease of use of natural resources, as an effect of increased efficiency, and actual use and found that during the period 1960-2002, this difference was found to grow faster in the USA than the mean for six West European countries.

64 citations


Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."

  • ...This effect is often relatively small, typically amounting to a few percent of the effect of increased efficiency (Greening et al., 2000; Berkhout et al., 2000)....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.

3,952 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.

1,422 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.

1,361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)

802 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.

726 citations